This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Gerald L. Klerman, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971;24(4):305-319.

Abstract
Despite impressive advances in research and therapy, our theories of clinical depression remain rooted in 19th-century concepts derived from experiences with hospitalized and psychotic patients. Current clinical experience, however, is mainly with nonpsychotic and noninstitutionalized patients. Unresolved problems include: the role of life experience in depression, delineation of psychopathologic states from normal emotional reactions, classifications and differentiation of types of depression, the need for better predictors of treatment response, and social and clinical criteria for outcome studies. These issues will be discussed within the framework of an adaptational approach which attempts to bridge recent developments in neuropharmacology, therapeutics, and clinical research.

Author Affiliations
Boston

From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication June 9, 1970.

An earlier version of this paper was read before the 60th annual meeting of the American Psychopathological Association, New York, Feb 14, 1970.

Rerint requests to Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 Fruit St, Boston 02114.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Classifying Depression: Should Paradigms Lost Be Regained?
Parker
Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:1195-1203.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Interrelationship of Measures of Manifest Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, and Depression in Children with Behavior Problems
Rawson
Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 1992;10:319-329.
ABSTRACT  

Panic Disorder and Major Depression: Increased Risk of Depression, Alcoholism, Panic, and Phobic Disorders in Families of Depressed Probands With Panic Disorder
Leckman et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:1055-1060.
ABSTRACT  

Characterological Depressions: Clinical and Sleep EEG Findings Separating 'Subaffective Dysthymias' From 'Character Spectrum Disorders'
Akiskal et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:777-783.
ABSTRACT  

Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Two Measures of Depressive Symptoms: The Relation of Prevalence and Persistence of Symptoms With Sex, Age, Education, and Marital Status
Craig and Van Natta
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:149-154.
ABSTRACT  

The Nosological Status of Neurotic Depression: A Prospective Three- to Four-Year Follow-up Examination in Light of the Primary-Secondary and Unipolar-Bipolar Dichotomies
Akiskal et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:756-766.
ABSTRACT  

Prediction of Tricyclic Antidepressant Response: A Critical Review
Bielski and Friedel
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:1479-1489.
ABSTRACT  

Schizo-affective Psychosis: Fact or Fiction? A Survey of the Literature
Procci
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:1167-1178.
ABSTRACT  

Assessment of Social Adjustment by Patient Self-Report
Weissman and Bothwell
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:1111-1115.
ABSTRACT  

Memory Functions in Depression: Improvement With Antidepressant Medication
Sternberg and Jarvik
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:219-224.
ABSTRACT  

The Significance of Psychotic Affective Disorders
Guze et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:1147-1150.
ABSTRACT  

Wrist Cutting: Relationship Between Clinical Observations and Epidemiological Findings
Weissman
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:1166-1171.
ABSTRACT  

Overview of Recent Research in Depression: Integration of Ten Conceptual Models Into a Comprehensive Clinical Frame
Akiskal and McKinney
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:285-305.
ABSTRACT  

Differentiating Depressed From Anxious Neurotic Outpatients: Use of Discriminant Function Analysis for Separation of Neurotic Affective States
Prusoff and Klerman
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;30:302-309.
ABSTRACT  

Mixed Anxiety-Depression: Fact or Myth?
Downing and Rickels
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;30:312-317.
ABSTRACT  

Depressive Disorders: Toward a Unified Hypothesis: Clinical, experimental, genetic, biochemical, and neurophysiological data are integrated
Akiskal and McKinney
Science 1973;182:20-29.
ABSTRACT  

The Depressive Personality: A Critical Review
Chodoff
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;27:666-673.
ABSTRACT  

Behavioral Measurement of Severe Depression
Williams et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;27:330-333.
ABSTRACT  

Epidemiological Considerations of Psychotic Depression
Pederson et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;27:193-197.
ABSTRACT