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Urinary Cyclic AMP Excretion in Depression and ManiaEffects of Levodopa and Lithium Carbonate
Michael I. Paul, MD;
Hinrich Cramer, MD;
Frederick K. Goodwin, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971;24(4):327-333.
Abstract
The 24 hour urinary excretion of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was studied in a series of 40 patients with affective disorders and in ten normal controls. The depressed patients were divided into two groups, severely and moderately depressed. Manic patients excreted the most cyclic AMP; the severely depressed excreted the least; and the controls and moderately depressed patients showed intermediate values. In longitudinal studies of four depressed patients treated with levodopa, marked increases in urinary cyclic AMP excretion occurred. Patients treated with lithium carbonate showed changes in cyclic AMP excretion in the direction of clinical change, ie, as depression improved, cyclic AMP excretion increased and as mania improved it diminished. Factors which may influence the excretion of urinary cyclic AMP are presented.
Author Affiliations
Bethesda, Md
From the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute (Drs. Paul and Cramer) and the Section on Psychiatry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health (Dr. Goodwin), Bethesda, Md. Dr. Paul is now at the Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California at Los Angeles.
Footnotes
Accepted for publication July 8, 1970.
Reprint requests to National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg 10, Room 4S239, Bethesda, Md 20014 (Dr. Goodwin).
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