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Irvin D. Yalom, MD; Marilyn Yalom, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971;24(6):485-494.

Abstract
Our study of Hemingway is not an attempt to explain the man or his art, but rather to illuminate the underlying forces which shaped the content and structure of his work. This artist in particular warrants study: not only was he a stylistic genius of far-reaching literary influence, but he was both mirror to and architect of the 20th-century American character. Hemingway struggled all his life with severe characterologic problems and, in a severe paranoid depression, committed suicide. This paper considers the major psychodynamic conflicts, apparent in his life style and fiction, which led to that event.

Author Affiliations
Stanford, Calif; Hayward, Calif

From the Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (I. Yalom), and the Department of Foreign Languages, California State College, Hayward (M. Yalom).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Dec 21. 1970.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif 94305 (Dr. I. Yalom).

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