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A Clinical Study

Roy R. Grinker, Sr., MD; Philip S. Holzman, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973;28(2):168-175.

Abstract
This is the first presentation of a research program to determine the "what" of schizophrenia and its categories using multidisciplinary approaches on the same patients repeatedly over time (probably for at least a decade). Rated taped interviews of 105 patients reveal the following in young first-break schizophrenics: thinking disorder even though subtle, striking anhedonia, strong characterological dependency, a noteworthy impairment in competence, and an exquisitely vulnerable sense of self-regard. We believe that these qualities are manifestations of a basic dysfunction in maintaining organization necessary for appropriate, adaptive orientation to one's surrounding and to oneself. Phenomenological studies in depth, extent, and in quantity will be crosshatched with biological, psychological, family, social, and cultural investigations on the same patients including, nonschizophrenic disturbed persons and healthy persons.

Author Affiliations
Chicago

From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago (Drs. Grinker and Holzman), and the Institute for Psychosomatic and Psychiatric Research and Training of the Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center (Dr. Grinker), Chicago.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Oct 11, 1972.

Reprint requests to 29th St and Ellis Ave, Chicago 60616 (Dr. Grinker).

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