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Brief and Prolonged FloodingA Comparison in Agoraphobic Patients
Richard Stern, MD, DPM;
Isaac Marks, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973;28(2):270-276.
Abstract
In a Latin-square design, 16 chronically agoraphobic outpatients had four sessions of long or short flooding in fantasy and in practice. Fantasy sessions were given by tape recorder and produced minimal arousal with little improvement. Two hours of flooding in practice reduced phobias significantly more than did four half-hour periods of the same procedure in one afternoon. During long flooding in practice, heart rate and subjective anxiety decreased more over the second than the first hour of exposure to the real phobic situation; though treatment was directed towards top hierarchy items, bottom items improved more. Patients' expectation of improvement at the start of treatment did not correlate with outcome.
Author Affiliations
MRCPsych, London
From the Institute of Psychiatry and the Maudsley Hospital, London.
Footnotes
Accepted for publication Oct 10, 1972.
Reprint requests to Institute of Psychiatry, de Crespigny Park, London SE58AF, England (Dr. Marks).
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