This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

A Report From the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia

Alan B. Hawk, MD; William T. Carpenter, Jr., MD; John S. Strauss, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1975;32(3):343-347.

Abstract
Systematic psychiatric assessment was undertaken on 131 patients (the American cohort of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia). Nine areas of outcome functioning were assessed five years later at follow-up evaluation on 63% of these patients. An analysis of 66 clinical and demographic variables established that the patients successfully followed-up were representatives of the entire cohort.

Diagnostic data from initial evaluations and follow-up outcome assessment were used to examine the relationship between diagnostic criteria and outcome in schizophrenia. Applying the criteria for schizophrenic diagnosis defined by Langfeldt, by Schneider, and Carpenter et al failed to define a poor outcome group. No difference in outcome was found when traditional schizophrenic subtypes were contrasted. Overall outcome in 61 patients with conditions diagnosed as schizophrenic was heterogeneous. However, despite overlap, the mean outcome in the schizophrenic cohort was poorer than in the 19 nonschizophrenic patients.

Author Affiliations
From the Psychiatric Assessment Section, Adult Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md (Drs. Hawk and Carpenter); and the Clinical Psychiatry Research Programs, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York (Dr. Strauss). Dr. Hawk is now with the Straub Clinic and Hospital, Honolulu.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Nov 11, 1974.

Read in part before the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Detroit, May 8, 1974.

Reprint requests to the Psychiatric Assessment Section, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg 10, Rm 4N214, Bethesda, MD 20014 (Dr. Carpenter).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Remission in schizophrenia: the relationship to baseline symptoms and changes in symptom domains during a one-year study
Kelly et al.
J Psychopharmacol 2009;23:436-441.
ABSTRACT  

The Diagnostic Status of First-Rank Symptoms
Nordgaard et al.
Schizophr Bull 2008;34:137-154.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Competing Definitions of Schizophrenia: What Can Be Learned From Polydiagnostic Studies?
Jansson and Parnas
Schizophr Bull 2007;33:1178-1200.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Identifying Unmet Therapeutic Domains in Schizophrenia Patients: The Early Contributions of Wayne Fenton From Chestnut Lodge
McGlashan and Carpenter
Schizophr Bull 2007;33:1086-1092.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Olanzapine Treatment of Residual Positive and Negative Symptoms
Buchanan et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2005;162:124-129.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clozapine Treatment of Outpatients With Schizophrenia: Outcome and Long-Term Response Patterns
Breier et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 2000;51:1249-1253.
FULL TEXT  

Comparative Effectiveness of Fluphenazine Decanoate Injections Every 2 Weeks Versus Every 6 Weeks
Carpenter et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:412-418.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diazepam Treatment of Early Signs of Exacerbation in Schizophrenia
Carpenter et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:299-303.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Positive and Negative Symptom Response to Clozapine in Schizophrenic Patients With and Without the Deficit Syndrome
Buchanan et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:751-760.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Behavior Therapy Empowers Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Corrigan
Behav Modif 1997;21:45-61.
ABSTRACT  

Effects of Metabolic Perturbation on Plasma Homovanillic Acid in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Prefrontal Cortex Volume
Breier et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:541-550.
ABSTRACT  

Natural History of Schizophrenia Subtypes: I. Longitudinal Study of Paranoid, Hebephrenic, and Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Fenton and McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:969-977.
ABSTRACT  

National Institute of Mental Health Longitudinal Study of Chronic Schizophrenia: Prognosis and Predictors of Outcome
Breier et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:239-246.
ABSTRACT  

The Prediction of Outcome in Chronic Schizophrenia: IV. The Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study
McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:167-176.
ABSTRACT  

Twin Concordance for Operationally Defined Schizophrenia: Confirmation of Familiality and Heritability
McGuffin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:541-545.
ABSTRACT  

The Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study: I. Follow-up Methodology and Study Sample
McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:573-585.
ABSTRACT  

The Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study: II. Long-term Outcome of Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders
McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:586-601.
ABSTRACT  

Outcome of Schizophrenic Subtypes Defined by Four Diagnostic Systems
Kendler et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:149-154.
ABSTRACT  

Disordered Thinking: Does It Identify Nuclear Schizophrenia?
Harrow et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:765-771.
ABSTRACT  

Behavioral Precursors of Schizophrenia Spectrum: A Prospective Study
Parnas et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:658-664.
ABSTRACT  

Diagnostic Systems and Prognostic Validity
Carpenter et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:228-229.
ABSTRACT  

Diagnostic Systems and Prognostic Validity-Reply
Kendell and Leff
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:229-229.
ABSTRACT  

Prognostic Implications of Six Alternative Definitions of Schizophrenia
Kendell et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:25-31.
ABSTRACT  

Diagnosis in Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Illness: A Reassessment of the Specificity of 'Schizophrenic' Symptoms in the Light of Current Research
Pope and Lipinski
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:811-828.
ABSTRACT  

Prognosis in Schizophrenia: Prognostic Predictors and Outcome
Bland and Parker
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:72-77.
ABSTRACT  

Advances in the Methodology of Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Assessment
Draguns
Transcultural Psychiatry 1977;14:125-143.
 

Persisting Symptoms in Schizophrenia Predicted by Background Factors
Wittenborn et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:1057-1061.
ABSTRACT  

The Long-Term Patient in the Era of Community Treatment
Lamb and Goertzel
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:679-682.
ABSTRACT  

Stability of Symptom Ratings for Schizophrenic Men
Wittenborn
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:437-440.
ABSTRACT  

Prediction of Outcome in Schizophrenia: III. Five-Yearn Outcome and Its Predictors
Strauss and Carpenter
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:159-163.
ABSTRACT  

Schizo-affective Psychosis: Fact or Fiction? A Survey of the Literature
Procci
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:1167-1178.
ABSTRACT  

Prognosis in Schizophrenia: A Ten-Year Follow-up of First Admissions
Bland et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:949-954.
ABSTRACT