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  Vol. 34 No. 1, January 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Sex Differences and the Epidemiology of Depression

Myrna M. Weissman, PhD; Gerald L. Klerman, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977;34(1):98-111.


Abstract



• This article reviews the evidence for differing rates of depression between the sexes in the United States and elsewhere during the last 40 years, and then critically analyzes the various explanations offered. These explanations include the possibility that the trends are spurious because of artifacts produced by methods of reporting symptoms, or that they are real because of biological susceptibility (possibly genetic or female endocrine), psychosocial factors such as social discrimination, or female-learned helplessness.



Author Affiliations



From the Department of Psychiatry (Epidemiology), Yale University School of Medicine, and the Depression Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven (Dr Weissman); and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Dr Klerman).


Footnotes



Accepted for publication Aug 30, 1976.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Depression Research Unit, 904 Howard Ave, Suite 2A, New Haven, CT 06519 (Dr Weissman).



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