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David L. Pauls, PhD; Donald J. Cohen, MD; Raymond Heimbuch, MPhil; Jill Detlor, RN; Kenneth K. Kidd, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38(10):1091-1093.

Abstract
• Fifty-two patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria and/or their parents were interviewed regarding symptoms among family members. Occurrences of TS and multiple tics (MT) among first-degree relatives were distinguished to determine the familial patterns of the two diagnoses. Comparing these data with family data collected on a random national sample of patients with TS, we found no differences between the two samples. Each separately and both combined showed that (1) MT seems to be a mild form of TS; (2) both MT and TS are transmitted in the same families; (3) the sex difference is real and not an artifact of ascertainment; and (4) the sex difference is related to the transmitted susceptibility as a threshold effect. A specific genetic mechanism has not been identified.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Human Genetics (Drs Paul and Kidd and Mr Heimbuch) and Psychiatry (Drs Cohen and Kidd), and the Child Study Center (Dr Cohen and Ms Detlor), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication May 18, 1981.

Reprint requests to Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 3333, New Haven, CT 06510 (Dr Pauls).

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