This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Ronald E. Hellman, MD; Richard Green, MD; James L. Gray, PhD; Katherine Williams, MA

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38(8):910-915.

Abstract
• We have studied the interaction between boyhood crossgender behavior, "homphobia," and religiosity in men raised as Catholics who, during adulthood, considered themselves transsexual, homosexual, or heterosexual. The sample consisted of 43 transsexual, 78 homosexual, and 43 heterosexual subjects matched for age, race, educational level, and economic status. The transsexual men recalled the most "feminine" behavior during boyhood, followed by the homosexual men. The heterosexual group was most "homophobic," followed by the transsexuals. "Homophobia" positively correlated with religiosity among adult transsexuals and heterosexuals. Transsexuals, recalling childhood, perceived their parents as being more religious than did the homosexuals. At intermediate levels of "femininity," greater "homophobia" scores were associated with more transsexual characteristics. These data support the thesis that early developmental aspects of sexual identity, and later concerns over homosexuality that are partly of a religious derivative, may contribute to a transsexual outcome.

Author Affiliations
From South Beach Psychiatric Center, Brooklyn, NY (Dr Hellman); the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Psychology (Dr Green), the Computing Center (Dr Gray), and the Long Island Research Institute (Ms Williams), State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 6, 1981.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Dr Green).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Who do we think we are? The brain and gender identity
Herbert
Brain 2008;131:3115-3117.
FULL TEXT  

Why Do Individuals Seek Conversion Therapy?: The Role of Religiosity, Internalized Homonegativity, and Identity Development
Tozer and Hayes
The Counseling Psychologist 2004;32:716-740.
ABSTRACT  

Female-To-Male Transsexuals Who Have Delivered and Reared Their Children
Lothstein
Sex Abuse 1988;1:151-166.
ABSTRACT