Diagnosis and Symptoms of Depression in Opiate Addicts: Course and Relationship to Treatment Outcome

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290020021004

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Vol. 39 No. 2, February 1982

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Diagnosis and Symptoms of Depression in Opiate Addicts

Course and Relationship to Treatment Outcome

Bruce J. Rounsaville, MD; Myrna M. Weissman, PhD; Katherine Crits-Christoph; Charles Wilber, EdM; Herbert Kleber, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39(2):151-156.

Abstract

• Evaluations of diagnosis and symptoms of depression wereundertaken in 157 opiate addicts at entrance to a multimodalitydrug treatment program and six months later. While 17% werehaving an episode of major depression (defined by Research DiagnosticCriteria) and 60% had at least mildly elevated depressive symptomsat entrance to treatment, substantial improvement was notedat the six-month reevaluation, with the rates of major depressionand elevated symptoms dropping to 12% and 31%, respectively.Symptomatic improvement, although related to retention in treatment,was not the result of specific antidepressant pharmacotherapyand did not differ across treatment modalities. Starting treatmentduring a major or minor depressive episode was predictive ofpoorer outcome in the areas of illicit drug use and psychologicalsymptoms, but unrelated to the areas of occupational functioning,legal problems, and program retention.

Author Affiliations

From the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (Drs Rounsaville, Weissman, and Kleber); the Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY (Ms Crits-Christoph); and the Addiction-Prevention Treatment Foundation, New Haven, Conn (Mr Wilber).

Footnotes

Accepted for publication April 30, 1981.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, Yale UniversitySchool of Medicine, 100 Park St, New Haven, CT 06511 (Dr Rounsaville).

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