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Changes in Mood and Cognition

Anne D. Simons, PhD; Sol L. Garfield, PhD; George E. Murphy, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41(1):45-51.

Abstract
• Twenty-eight moderately depressed outpatients were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of cognitive therapy (N =14) or pharmacotherapy (N =14). Significant changes in mood, cognitive processes, and content were similar to those found in previous studies demonstrating effectiveness of cognitive therapy. Patients treated with medication, however, demonstrated nearly identical change on all measures, including cognitive measures, despite the absence of direct focus on cognitive activity. Further analyses disclosed that cognitive change may be an important feature of overall clinical improvement, as patients whose conditions did not improve (regardless of treatment modality) showed significantly less change on cognitive measures. These findings suggest that cognitive change may be more accurately seen as a part of improvement rather than the primary cause of improvement. This suggests a more complex conceptualization of the role of cognitions in the change secured by cognitive therapy.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Simons and Murphy) and Psychology (Dr Garfield), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis. Dr Simons is now with the University of Pittsburgh Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 8, 1983.

Reprint requests to Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811O'hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Dr Simons).

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