This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

II. Long-term Outcome of Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Thomas H. McGlashan, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41(6):586-601.

Abstract
• This report details the long-term course for systematically rediagnosed (and largely chronically ill) patients with schizophrenia (n =163) and with bipolar (n =19) and unipolar (n = 44) affective disorders from the Chestnut Lodge, Rockville, Md, follow-up study. Their conditions were assessed and they are described rigorously from multiple outcome perspectives. Except in the realm of symptomatic diathesis, striking differences emerged between these major axis I disorders consonant with Kraepelin's original observations. Roughly two thirds of the schizophrenic patients were functioning marginally or worse at follow-up, compared with one third of the unipolar cohort. The reverse held for better outcomes. Outcome varied little as a function of follow-up interval (time) across all diagnostic categories. Representative case examples serve to place the ratings in meaningful clinical contexts.

Author Affiliations
From the Chestnut Lodge Research Institute, Rockville, Md.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Dec 27, 1983.

Reprint requests to Chestnut Lodge, 500 W Montgomery Ave, Rockville, MD 20850 (Dr McGlashan).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

First-Episode Psychosis: Psychopathology, Quality of Life, and Functional Outcome
Malla and Payne
Schizophr Bull 2005;31:650-671.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Do Patients with Schizophrenia Ever Show Periods of Recovery? A 15-Year Multi-Follow-up Study
Harrow et al.
Schizophr Bull 2005;31:723-734.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-Term Course of Schizophrenic Illness: Bleuler's Study Reconsidered
Modestin et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2003;160:2202-2208.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders That Co-occur With Schizophrenia
Escamilla
Psychiatr. Serv. 2001;52:911-919.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Three-year outcome of first-episode psychoses in an established community psychiatric service
SINGH et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2000;176:210-216.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Social Functioning of Patients With Schizophrenia in High-Income Welfare Societies
Melle et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 2000;51:223-228.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Health Care Seeking Behavior of Schizophrenic Patients in 6 East Asian Areas
Rhi et al.
Int J Soc Psychiatry 1995;41:190-209.
ABSTRACT  

A Longitudinal Study of Symptom Dimensions in Schizophrenia: Prediction and Patterns of Change
Arndt et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:352-360.
ABSTRACT  

Risk Factors for Spontaneous Dyskinesia in Schizophrenia
Fenton et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:643-650.
ABSTRACT  

The Deficit Syndrome in Schizophrenia: Psychoanalytic and Neurobiological Perspectives
Willick
J Am Psychoanal Assoc 1993;41:1135-1157.
ABSTRACT  

Testing Systems for Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Fenton and McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:179-184.
ABSTRACT  

Subjective Conclusions About Schizophrenia-Reply
HARROW et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:75-76.
ABSTRACT  

Natural History of Schizophrenia Subtypes: II. Positive and Negative Symptoms and Long-term Course
Fenton and McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:978-986.
ABSTRACT  

National Institute of Mental Health Longitudinal Study of Chronic Schizophrenia: Prognosis and Predictors of Outcome
Breier et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:239-246.
ABSTRACT  

Posthospital Course and Outcome in Schizophrenia
Carone et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:247-253.
ABSTRACT  

Predicting Hospital Discharge Status for Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Unipolar Affective Disorder
Heinssen and McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:353-360.
ABSTRACT  

Hospital Discharge Status and Long-term Outcome for Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Unipolar Affective Disorder
McGlashan and Heinssen
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:363-368.
ABSTRACT  

Schizoaffective Psychosis: I. Comparative Long-term Outcome
Williams and McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:130-137.
ABSTRACT  

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study: VI. Long-term Follow-up Perspectives
McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:329-334.
ABSTRACT  

The Prediction of Outcome in Chronic Schizophrenia: IV. The Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study
McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:167-176.
ABSTRACT  

The Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study: III. Long-term Outcome of Borderline Personalities
McGlashan
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:20-30.
ABSTRACT