This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

I. Total Mortality

Ronald L. Martin, MD; C. Robert Cloninger, MD; Samuel B. Guze, MD; Paula J. Clayton, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42(1):47-54.

Abstract
• Total or all-cause mortality data were determined from a prospective study of 500 randomly selected psychiatric outpatients during a mean follow-up period of seven years. With the use of age-, sex-, and race-adjusted methods, a mortality nearly twice that expected from reference population rates was observed. Mortality was excessive among younger, but not older, patients; and among white men and women and black men, but not among black women. Certain psychiatric diagnoses (based on structured personal interviews performed at index and using explicit criteria) were associated with excess mortality: alcoholism, antisocial personality, drug addiction, homosexuality, organic brain syndrome, and schizophrenia. Excess mortality was not observed among patients with primary affective disorders, ie, disorders not antedated by nonaffective psychiatric illness.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis (Drs Cloninger and Guze); the Jewish Hospital of St Louis (Dr Cloninger); University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City (Dr Martin); and University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (Dr Clayton).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Feb 10, 1984.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Rainbow Boulevard at 39th Street, Kansas City, KS 66103 (Dr Martin).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Why are programmes for offenders with personality disorder not informed by the relevant scientific findings?
Duggan
Phil Trans R Soc B 2008;363:2599-2612.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Systematic Review of Mortality in Schizophrenia: Is the Differential Mortality Gap Worsening Over Time?
Saha et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:1123-1131.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

"The Rust of Life": Impact of Anxiety on Cardiac Patients
Moser
Am J Crit Care 2007;16:361-369.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mortality Among Discharged Psychiatric Patients in Florence, Italy
Meloni et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 2006;57:1474-1481.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prognostic Value of Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Jiang et al.
Circulation 2004;110:3452-3456.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mortality of Mental Health Service Recipients in Vermont and Oklahoma
Pandiani et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 2002;53:1025-1027.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The distinction between personality disorder and mental illness
KENDELL
Br. J. Psychiatry 2002;180:110-115.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Life Expectancy and Causes of Death in a Population Treated for Serious Mental Illness
Dembling et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 1999;50:1036-1042.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Social Environment and Longevity in Schizophrenia
Christensen et al.
Psychosom. Med. 1999;61:141-145.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Systematic Review of the Mortality of Depression
Wulsin et al.
Psychosom. Med. 1999;61:6-17.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Psychiatrists' and Internists' Knowledge and Attitudes About Delivery of Clinical Preventive Medical Services
Carney et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 1998;49:1594-1600.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Depressed Mood and Survival in Seriously Ill Hospitalized Adults
Roach et al.
Arch Intern Med 1998;158:397-404.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Depressive Symptoms as Predictors of Medical Outcomes in HIV Infection
Lyketsos et al.
JAMA 1993;270:2563-2567.
ABSTRACT  

The Dopamine D2 Receptor Locus as a Modifying Gene in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Comings et al.
JAMA 1991;266:1793-1800.
ABSTRACT  

Depression, the Immune System, and Health and Illness: Findings in Search of Meaning
Stein et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:171-177.
ABSTRACT  

The Lifetime Risk of Suicide in Alcoholism
Murphy and Wetzel
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:383-392.
ABSTRACT  

The Psychological Well-Being of Divorced and Widowed Men and Women: An Empirical Analysis
GOVE and SHIN
Journal of Family Issues 1989;10:122-144.
ABSTRACT  

Excess Mortality Among Formerly Hospitalized Child Psychiatric Patients
Kuperman et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:277-282.
ABSTRACT  

Affective Disorders and Mortality: A General Population Study
Murphy et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:473-480.
ABSTRACT  

A Twin Study of Mortality in Schizophrenia and Neurosis
Kendler
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:643-649.
ABSTRACT  

Mortality in Schizophrenia: A Ten-Year Follow-up Based on the Stockholm County Inpatient Register
Allebeck and Wistedt
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:650-653.
ABSTRACT  

Diagnosis and Prognosis in Schizophrenia
Cloninger et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:15-25.
ABSTRACT  

Mortality in a Follow-up of 500 Psychiatric Outpatients: II. Cause-Specific Mortality
Martin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:58-66.
ABSTRACT  

Mortality Studies in Psychiatry: Should They Stop or Proceed?
Tsuang and Simpson
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:98-103.
ABSTRACT