This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

John F. Hiatt, MD; Thomas C. Floyd, MA; Paul H. Katz; Irwin Feinberg, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42(8):797-802.

Abstract
• Very low levels of visually scored stage 4 sleep are found in 40% to 50% of acute and chronic schizophrenics. Stage 4 is a visual estimate of high-amplitude delta (0.5 to 3 Hz) electroencephalographic waves; these waves can now be measured directly and reliably by computer. In this pilot study, we carried out such measurement in the successive non-rapid-eye-movement periods (NREMPs). We also sampled and measured visually sleep spindles by NREMP; spindles constitute a second distinctive feature of the NREM electroencephalogram. In five unmedicated, recently rehospitalized schizophrenic patients we found reduced delta amplitude and abundance (and increased spindle density) in NREMP1 (also called "REM latency") as compared with ambulatory normal controls. NREMP1 was also abnormally short with an average length similar to that reported for major depression. These striking abnormalities of NREM sleep may underlie the abnormal rapid eye movement distributions sometimes found in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Further studies are required to evaluate the relation of these NREM abnormalities to psychopathology (and hence their utility as biological "markers") and to rule out confounding effects of hospitalization or undetected napping.

Author Affiliations
From the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit (Dr Hiatt) and the Sleep Laboratory (Dr Feinberg and Messrs Floyd and Katz), Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, San Francisco, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco (Drs Hiatt and Feinberg). Dr Feinberg is now with the Northport (NY) VA.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Sept 10, 1984.

Reprint requests to Northport VA, Middleville Road, Northport, NY 11768 (Dr Feinberg).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Reduced Sleep Spindle Activity in Schizophrenia Patients
Ferrarelli et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2007;164:483-492.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Delta Sleep Deficits in Schizophrenia: Evidence From Automated Analyses of Sleep Data
Keshavan et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:443-448.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sleep in Schizophrenic Patients On and Off Haloperidol Therapy: Clinically Stable vs Relapsed Patients
Neylan et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:643-649.
ABSTRACT  

Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Benca et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:651-668.
ABSTRACT  

Polysomnographic Characteristics of Young Manic Patients: Comparison With Unipolar Depressed Patients and Normal Control Subjects
Hudson et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:378-383.
ABSTRACT  

Electroencephalographic Sleep Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Positive/Negative Symptoms and Prior Neuroleptic Treatment
Tandon et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:185-194.
ABSTRACT  

Circadian and Sleep-Related Endocrine Rhythms in Schizophrenia
Van Cauter et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:348-356.
ABSTRACT  

The Cholinergic Rapid Eye Movement Induction Test With Arecoline in Depression
Gillin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:264-270.
ABSTRACT  

Subcortical Abnormalities Detected in Bipolar Affective Disorder Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Clinical and Neuropsychological Significance
Dupont et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:55-59.
ABSTRACT  

Two Roads to Rapid Eye Movement Latency
Kupfer and Ehlers
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:945-948.
ABSTRACT  

Cholinergic Hyperactivity and Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms: A Model of Cholinergic/Dopaminergic Interactions in Schizophrenia
Tandon and Greden
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:745-753.
ABSTRACT  

Electroencephalographic Sleep in Mania
Hudson et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:267-273.
ABSTRACT  

Electroencephalographic Sleep in Young, Never-Medicated Schizophrenics: A Comparison With Delusional and Nondelusional Depressives and With Healthy Controls
Ganguli et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:36-44.
ABSTRACT  

Abnormal Rapid Eye Movement Latencies in Schizophrenia
Zarcone et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:45-48.
ABSTRACT  

Electroencephalographic Sleep of Younger Depressives: Comparison With Normals
Kupfer et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:806-810.
ABSTRACT  

Similarity of Non-REM Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Depression
Guazzelli et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:834-835.
ABSTRACT