Akathisia Variants and Tardive Dyskinesia

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790320042006

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Vol. 42 No. 9, September 1985

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Akathisia Variants and Tardive Dyskinesia

Thomas R. E. Barnes, MB, BS, MRCPsych; Walter M. Braude, MB, ChB, DPM, MRCPsych

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42(9):874-878.

Abstract

• Eighty-two schizophrenic outpatients receiving maintenanceantipsychotic medication were assessed for akathisia and tardivedyskinesia. Thirty-nine (48%) manifested patterns of nondyskinetic,restless movement characteristic of akathisia. On the basisof their clinical features, these patients were divided intothree groups: "acute" akathisia (recent onset, related to anincrease in antipsychotic drug dose); "pseudoakathisia" (motorsigns but no subjective symptoms); and "chronic" akathisia (amixed category including persistent acute akathisia and "tardive"akathisia with the pharmacologic characteristics of tardivedyskinesia). Coarse, jerky foot tremor was observed as an invariableaccompaniment of acute akathisia. A significant associationwas found between choreoathetoid limb dyskinesias, orofacialdyskinesias, and the presence of chronic akathisia. Also, thefindings suggested a possible relationship between pseudoakathisia,orofacial and limb dyskinesia, and the severity of negativeschizophrenic symptoms.

Author Affiliations

From the Psychiatric Research Unit, University of Cambridge (England) Clinical School, Addenbrooke's Hospital. Dr Barnes is now with the Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London; Dr Braude is now with the Department of Psychiatry, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester, England.

Footnotes

Accepted for publication Aug 28, 1984.

Reprint requests to Academic Unit, Horton Hospital, Epsom, SurreyKT19 8PZ, England (Dr Barnes).

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