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Daniel P. van Kammen, MD, PhD; Welmoet Bok van Kammen, PhD; Lee S. Mann, MD; Timo Seppala, MD, PhD; Markku Linnoila, MD, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43(10):978-983.

Abstract
• Cortical atrophy measured with computed tomography was observed in ten of 53 schizophrenic patients. Levels of homovanillic acid, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), conjugated DOPAC, and dopamine sulfate (DASO₄) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients during a drug-free evaluation. Patients with cortical atrophy had lower cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid, DOPAC, and conjugated DOPAC but higher DASO₄ levels. Combined measures of dopamine utilization were significantly lower in patients with cortical atrophy. We did not find significant clinical or demographic differences between the patients with and without cortical atrophy. Patients without brain atrophy who had dopamine utilization above the mean showed more psychotic symptoms and shorter duration of illness, while those with dopamine below the mean had more negative symptoms. We propose that both state- and trait-dependent variables affect dopamine turnover.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh (Drs D. van Kammen and W. van Kammen); Psychiatry Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Pittsburgh (Dr D. van Kammen); Department of Psychiatry, Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Va (Dr Mann); Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (Dr Seppala); and Laboratory of Clinical Studies, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Md (Dr Linnoila).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication May 23, 1986.

Reprint requests to Psychiatry Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Highland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15206 (Dr D. van Kammen).

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