This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

I. A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Raquel E. Gur, MD, PhD; Susan M. Resnick, PhD; Abass Alavi, MD; Ruben C. Gur, PhD; Stanley Caroff, MD; Robert Dann, PhD; Frank L. Silver, MD, FRCP(C); Andrew J. Saykin, PsyD; John B. Chawluk, MD; Michael Kushner, MD; Martin Reivich, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44(2):119-125.

Abstract
• Local cerebral glucose metabolism was determined with 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose using positron emission tomography in a sample of 12 unmedicated schizophrenics and 12 matched normal controls. The data were analyzed for absolute metabolic rates and region/whole-brain ratios using the cortical-subcortical, antero-posterior, and laterality dimensions. Lobar areas within cortical regions were also compared. Across groups, subcortical metabolism was higher than cortical metabolism. Patients had lower metabolism, cortically and subcortically, and a steeper subcortical to cortical gradient. Patients with higher scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale had higher absolute metabolism and higher left relative to right hemispheric metabolism than did patients with lesser severity. The results did not show "hypofrontality" in schizophrenia. These findings provide some support for cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenia and indicate the need for further examination of the cortical-subcortical dimension.

Author Affiliations
From the Cerebrovascular Research Center (Drs R. E. Gur, Resnick, Alavi, R. C. Gur, Silver, Saykin, Chawluk, Kushner, Reivich and Dann), the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs R. E. Gur, Resnick, R. C. Gur, Caroff, and Saykin), Neurology (Drs R. E. Gur, Alavi, R. C. Gur, Chawluk, Kushner, and Reivich), and Radiology (Drs Alavi, Reivich and Dann), and the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital (Dr Caroff), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 10, 1986.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, 205 Piersol Bldg/G1, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Dr R. E. Gur).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Antipsychotic Drugs: Comparison in Animal Models of Efficacy, Neurotransmitter Regulation, and Neuroprotection
Lieberman et al.
Pharmacol. Rev. 2008;60:358-403.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Functional brain mapping of psychopathology
Honey et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2002;72:432-439.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

CNS Assessment Using Functional Neuro-PET Imaging
Laven and Bednarczyk
Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2001;14:308-331.
ABSTRACT  

Brain Activation Patterns in Schizophrenic and Comparison Volunteers During a Matched-Performance Auditory Recognition Task
Holcomb et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:1634-1645.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Temporolimbic Volume Reductions in Schizophrenia
Gur et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:769-775.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Acute Schizophrenic Patients : A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Study
Owega et al.
Stroke 1998;29:1149-1154.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Dorsal Striatal Size, Shape, and Metabolic Rate in Never-Medicated and Previously Medicated Schizophrenics Performing a Verbal Learning Task
Shihabuddin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:235-243.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Resting Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in First-Episode and Previously Treated Patients With Schizophrenia Relates to Clinical Features
Gur et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:657-667.
ABSTRACT  

Frontostriatal Disorder of Cerebral Metabolism in Never-Medicated Schizophrenics
Buchsbaum et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:935-942.
ABSTRACT  

Hypofrontality in Neuroleptic-Naive Patients and in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: Assessment With Xenon 133 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and the Tower of London
Andreasen et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:943-958.
ABSTRACT  

Negative Symptoms and Hypofrontality in Chronic Schizophrenia
Wolkin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:959-965.
ABSTRACT  

Limbic System Abnormalities Identified in Schizophrenia Using Positron Emission Tomography With Fluorodeoxyglucose and Neocortical Alterations With Deficit Syndrome
Tamminga et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:522-530.
ABSTRACT  

Altered Modulation of Prefrontal and Subcortical Brain Activity in Newly Diagnosed Schizophrenia and Schizophreniform Disorder: A Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Study
Rubin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:987-995.
ABSTRACT  

Neuropsychological Function in Schizophrenia: Selective Impairment in Memory and Learning
Saykin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:618-624.
ABSTRACT  

Structural Brain Abnormalities in Bipolar Affective Disorder: Ventricular Enlargement and Focal Signal Hyperintensities
Swayze et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:1054-1059.
ABSTRACT  

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Schizophrenia: The Pathophysiologic Significance of Structural Abnormalities
Andreasen et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:35-44.
ABSTRACT  

Late Auditory Magnetic Sources May Differ in the Left Hemisphere of Schizophrenic Patients: A Preliminary Report
Reite et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:565-572.
ABSTRACT  

Physiological Dysfunction of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia: III. A New Cohort and Evidence for a Monoaminergic Mechanism
Weinberger et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:609-615.
ABSTRACT  

Physiological Dysfunction of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia: IV. Further Evidence for Regional and Behavioral Specificity
Berman et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:616-622.
ABSTRACT  

Effect of Neuroleptics on Altered Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Schizophrenia
Szechtman et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:523-532.
ABSTRACT  

Abnormal Resting Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Patterns and Their Correlates in Schizophrenia
Mathew et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:542-549.
ABSTRACT  

Brain imaging: applications in psychiatry
Andreasen
Science 1988;239:1381-1388.
ABSTRACT  

Regional Brain Function in Schizophrenia: II. Repeated Evaluation With Positron Emission Tomography
Gur et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:126-129.
ABSTRACT