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Alprazolam in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Results From a Multicenter TrialII. Patient Acceptance, Side Effects, and Safety
Russell Noyes, Jr, MD;
Robert L. DuPont, Jr, MD;
John C. Pecknold, MD;
Arthur Rifkin, MD;
Robert T. Rubin, MD, PhD;
Richard P. Swinson, MD;
James C. Ballenger, MD;
Graham D. Burrows, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45(5):423-428.
Abstract
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• In a multicenter placebo-controlled study, the safety, side effects, and patient acceptance of alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia were examined. A total of 525 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks or panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive alprazolam or placebo, which they took for eight weeks. The mean daily dose at the end of the study was 5.7 mg of alprazolam or 7.5 capsules of placebo daily. Potentially serious reactions to alprazolam occurred in ten of 263 subjects who received the drug. These included acute intoxication (three), hepatitis (two), mania (two), amnesia (one), aggressive behavior (one), and depression (one). Treatment-related side effects that were worse in patients taking alprazolam than in those taking placebo included sedation, fatigue, ataxia, slurred speech, and amnesia. Sedation was the most frequent but tended to subside with dose reduction or continued administration of the drug. Patient acceptance of alprazolam, as measured by the rate of completion for study participants, was high. Eighty-four percent of patients receiving active drug completed the study compared with 50% receiving placebo.
Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City (Dr Noyes); Center for Behavioral Medicine, Rockville, Md (Dr DuPont); Department of Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, Montreal (Dr Pecknold); Department of Psychiatry, City Hospital Center at Elmhurst, NY (Dr Rifkin); Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif (Dr Rubin); Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital (Dr Swinson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Dr Ballenger); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne (Dr Burrows).
Footnotes
Accepted for publication Feb 4, 1988.
Reprint requests to 500 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242 (Dr Noyes).
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