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Philip S. Holzman, PhD; Einar Kringlen, MD; Steven Matthysse, PhD; Steven D. Flanagan, PhD; Richard B. Lipton, MD; Gunnar Cramer, MD; Smadar Levin, PhD; Kenneth Lange, PhD; Deborah L. Levy, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45(7):641-647.

Abstract
• Eye movement dysfunctions (EMDs), detectable during smooth pursuit, occur in a majority of schizophrenics and in 45% of their first-degree relatives. Previous data suggest that they represent a biologic marker for schizophrenia. To determine the mode of transmission of the schizophrenia-EMD complex, the eye movements of offspring of monozygotic and dizygotic twins were recorded. One group of twins was discordant for schizophrenia; the other group for manic depression or reactive psychosis. The data suggest that EMDs and at least some schizophrenias can be considered expressions of a single underlying trait that is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass (Dr Holzman); the Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Holzman, Matthysse, and Levin); Mailman Laboratories for Psychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass (Drs Holzman, Matthysse, and Levin); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo (Drs Kringlen and Cramer); the Division of Neuroscience, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, Calif (Dr Flanagan); the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (Dr Lipton); the Department of Biomathematics, UCLA (Dr Lange); and the Department of Research, Long Island Jewish-Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY (Dr Levy).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Oct 9, 1987.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138 (Dr Holzman).

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