This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Susan E. Swedo, MD; Mark B. Schapiro, MD; Cheryl L. Grady, PhD; Deborah L. Cheslow; Henrietta L. Leonard, MD; Anand Kumar, MD; Robert Friedland, MD; Stanley I. Rapoport, MD; Judith L. Rapoport, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46(6):518-523.

Abstract
• The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was studied in 18 adults with childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in age- and sex-matched controls using positron emission tomography and fludeoxyglucose F 18. Both groups were scanned during rest, with reduced auditory and visual stimulation. The group with OCD showed an increased glucose metabolism in the left orbital frontal, right sensorimotor, and bilateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions as compared with controls. Ratios of regional activity to mean cortical gray matter metabolism were increased for the right prefrontal and left anterior cingulate regions in the group with OCD as a whole. Correlations between glucose metabolism and clinical assessment measures showed a significant relationship between metabolic activity and both state and trait measurements of OCD and anxiety as well as the response to clomipramine hydrochloride therapy. These results are consistent with the suggestion that OCD may result from a functional disturbance in the frontal-limbicbasal ganglia system.

Author Affiliations
From the Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (Drs Swedo, Leonard, and J. Rapoport and Ms Cheslow), and Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (Drs Schapiro, Grady, Kumar, Friedland, and S. Rapoport), Bethesda, Md.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication December 12, 1988.

Reprint requests to Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg 10, Room 6N240, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (Dr Swedo).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Radua and Mataix-Cols
Br. J. Psychiatry 2009;195:393-402.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Psychological and Neuroanatomical Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Huey et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2008;20:390-408.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Corpus Callosum in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Study
Saito et al.
Radiology 2008;246:536-542.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurocognitive endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Menzies et al.
Brain 2007;130:3223-3236.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

High-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Region Suppresses Neuronal Activity and Selectively Modulates Afferent Drive in Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex In Vivo
McCracken and Grace
J. Neurosci. 2007;27:12601-12610.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Physiologic Responses to Loud Tones in Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Buhlmann et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2007;69:166-172.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Greist and Jefferson
Focus 2007;5:283-298.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Proton MRSI Study of Brain N-Acetylaspartate Level After 12 Weeks of Citalopram Treatment in Drug-Naive Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Jang et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2006;163:1202-1207.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Metabolic Imaging of Anterior Capsular Stimulation in Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Key Role for the Subgenual Anterior Cingulate and Ventral Striatum
Van Laere et al.
JNM 2006;47:740-747.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurological Soft Signs as Predictors of Treatment Response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Hollander et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2005;17:472-477.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

White Matter Abnormalities in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Szeszko et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:782-790.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Frontal-Striatal Dysfunction During Planning in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
van den Heuvel et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:301-309.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Obsessive-Compulsive Hoarding
Saxena et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1038-1048.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Brain Structural Abnormalities in Psychotropic Drug-Naive Pediatric Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Szeszko et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1049-1056.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Distinct Neural Correlates of Washing, Checking, and Hoarding Symptom Dimensions in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Mataix-Cols et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:564-576.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Differential Brain Metabolic Predictors of Response to Paroxetine in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Versus Major Depression
Saxena et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2003;160:522-532.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Predicting Treatment Response in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Hurley et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2002;14:249-253.
FULL TEXT  

Anterior Cingulate: Single Neuronal Signals Related to Degree of Reward Expectancy
Shidara and Richmond
Science 2002;296:1709-1711.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Differential Cerebral Metabolic Changes With Paroxetine Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder vs Major Depression
Saxena et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:250-261.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Informed Consent and Neuroanatomic Correlates of Intentionality and Voluntariness Among Psychiatric Patients
Grimes et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 2000;51:1561-1567.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Decrease in Thalamic Volumes of Pediatric Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Who Are Taking Paroxetine
Gilbert et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:449-456.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Orbital Frontal and Amygdala Volume Reductions in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Szeszko et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:913-919.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Selective effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A functional magnetic resonance study
Vaidya et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998;95:14494-14499.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Tic Suppression in Tourette Syndrome
Peterson et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:326-333.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Frontostriatal Measurement in Treatment-Naive Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Rosenberg et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:824-830.
ABSTRACT  

Oculomotor Response Inhibition Abnormalities in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Rosenberg et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:831-838.
ABSTRACT  

The Neurobiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Glod and Cawley
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 1997;3:120-122.
 

Normal Caudate Nucleus in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Assessed by Quantitative Neuroimaging
Aylward et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:577-584.
ABSTRACT  

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Symptom Provocation in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Breiter et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:595-606.
ABSTRACT  

Reduced Caudate Nucleus Volume in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Robinson et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:393-398.
ABSTRACT  

Topical Review: Basal Ganglia: Functional Anatomy and Physiology. Part 2
Afifi
J Child Neurol 1994;9:352-361.
ABSTRACT  

BAP/SKB Young Psychopharmacologist Award Towards a neuroendocrinology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Lucey
J Psychopharmacol 1994;8:250-257.
ABSTRACT  

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measured During Symptom Provocation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Oxygen 15--Labeled Carbon Dioxide and Positron Emission Tomography
Rauch et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:62-70.
ABSTRACT  

Progress in Psychiatry- Second of Two Parts
Michels and Marzuk
NEJM 1993;329:628-638.
FULL TEXT  

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Harris et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:498-499.
ABSTRACT  

Caudate Glucose Metabolic Rate Changes With Both Drug and Behavior Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Baxter et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:681-689.
ABSTRACT  

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Childhood-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Revisualization During Pharmacotherapy
Swedo et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:690-694.
ABSTRACT  

Regional Xenon 133 Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Technetium 99m HMPAO Uptake in Unmedicated Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Matched Normal Control Subjects: Determination by High-Resolution Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Rubin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:695-702.
ABSTRACT  

Toward a Neuroanatomy of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Insel
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:739-744.
ABSTRACT  

Psychiatry
Freedman and Stahl
JAMA 1992;268:403-405.
ABSTRACT  

Psychosurgical Treatment of Obsessivecompulsive Disorder-Reply
Jenike and Baer
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:583-584.
ABSTRACT  

Abnormalities in the Regulation of Vasopressin and Corticotropin Releasing Factor Secretion in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Altemus et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:9-20.
ABSTRACT  

Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurochemistry in Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Swedo et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:29-36.
ABSTRACT  

Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism of Women With Trichotillomania
Swedo et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:828-833.
ABSTRACT  

Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rates in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Patients Treated With Clomipramine
Benkelfat et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:840-848.
ABSTRACT