You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


ABOUT ARCHIVES
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 47 No. 12, December 1990 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Archives
  •  Online Features
  ARTICLE
 This Article
 • Reply to article
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in this journal

Three-year outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression

E. Frank, D. J. Kupfer, J. M. Perel, C. Cornes, D. B. Jarrett, A. G. Mallinger, M. E. Thase, A. B. McEachran and V. J. Grochocinski
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, PA 15213.

We conducted a randomized 3-year maintenance trial in 128 patients with recurrent depression who had responded to combined short-term and continuation treatment with imipramine hydrochloride and interpersonal psychotherapy. A five-cell design was used to determine whether a maintenance form of interpersonal psychotherapy alone or in combination with medication could play a significant role in the prevention of recurrence. A second question was whether maintaining antidepressant medication at the dosage used to treat the acute episode rather than decreasing to a "maintenance" dosage would provide prophylaxis superior to that observed in earlier trials in which a maintenance dosage strategy was employed. Survival analysis demonstrated a highly significant prophylactic effect for active imipramine hydrochloride maintained at an average dose of 200 mg and a modest prophylactic effect for monthly interpersonal psychotherapy. We conclude that active imipramine hydrochloride maintained at an average dose of 200 mg is an effective means of preventing recurrence and that monthly interpersonal psychotherapy serves to lengthen the time between episodes in patients not receiving active medication.

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Addressing the challenges of a cross-national investigation: lessons from the Pittsburgh-Pisa study of treatment-relevant phenotypes of unipolar depression
Frank et al.
Clin Trials 2008;5:253-261.
ABSTRACT  

Depressed inpatients: treatment with psychotherapy plus pharmacotherapy superior to standard treatment
Schwannauer
Evid. Based Ment. Health 2008;11:46-46.
FULL TEXT  

Randomized Trial of Weekly, Twice-Monthly, and Monthly Interpersonal Psychotherapy as Maintenance Treatment for Women With Recurrent Depression
Frank et al.
Focus 2008;6:120-127.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurocognitive Impairment and Dementia in Mood Disorders
Pfennig et al.
J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi. 2007;19:373-382.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

An approach to interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: Focusing on interpersonal changes
Grigoriadis and Ravitz
cfp 2007;53:1469-1475.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Pilot Study of Telephone Care Management and Structured Disease Self-Management Groups for Chronic Depression
Ludman et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 2007;58:1065-1072.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cognitive Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy: 30 Years Later
Weissman
Am. J. Psychiatry 2007;164:693-696.
FULL TEXT  

Randomized Trial of Weekly, Twice-Monthly, and Monthly Interpersonal Psychotherapy as Maintenance Treatment for Women With Recurrent Depression
Frank et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2007;164:761-767.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Bibliography PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Focus 2006;4:512.
FULL TEXT  

Predictors of Relapse in a Prospective Study of Fluoxetine Treatment of Major Depression
McGrath et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2006;163:1542-1548.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sertraline for Prevention of Depression Recurrence in Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Lustman et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:521-529.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Enhancing the efficacy of antidepressants with psychotherapy.
Petersen
J Psychopharmacol 2006;20:19-28.
ABSTRACT  

The Clinical Conduct of Interpersonal Psychotherapy
Markowitz
Focus 2006;4:179.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Abstracts FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY
Focus 2006;4:200.
FULL TEXT  

Depressive Symptoms in Coronary Artery Disease Patients After Hypertension Treatment
Ried et al.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2006;40:597-604.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Maintenance treatment of major depression in old age.
Reynolds et al.
NEJM 2006;354:1130-1138.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
Benedetti et al.
J. Neurosci. 2005;25:10390-10402.
FULL TEXT  

Two-Year Outcomes for Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy in Individuals With Bipolar I Disorder
Frank et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:996-1004.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cognitive behaviour therapy reduces long term risk of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder
Segal et al.
Evid. Based Ment. Health 2005;8:38-38.
FULL TEXT  

Social Support and Locus of Control as Predictors of Adherence to Antidepressant Medication in an Elderly Population
Voils et al.
AJGP 2005;13:157-165.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relapse Prevention in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Cognitive Therapy Outcome After 2 Years
Lam et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2005;162:324-329.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Depression: An Update for the Clinician
Nierenberg et al.
Focus 2005;3:3-12.
FULL TEXT  

Ask the Expert: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Focus 2005;3:25-26.
FULL TEXT  

Integrating Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy to Improve Outcomes Among Patients With Mood Disorders
Jindal and Thase
Focus 2005;3:114-121.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship of Variability in Residual Symptoms With Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder During Maintenance Treatment
Karp et al.
Focus 2005;3:161-169.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Feasibility of Providing Culturally Relevant, Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Antenatal Depression in an Obstetrics Clinic: A Pilot Study
Grote et al.
Research on Social Work Practice 2004;14:397-407.
ABSTRACT  

Six-Year Outcome of Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Prevention of Recurrent Depression
Fava et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1872-1876.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship of Variability in Residual Symptoms With Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder During Maintenance Treatment
Karp et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1877-1884.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Combined Pharmacotherapy and Psychological Treatment for Depression: A Systematic Review
Pampallona et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:714-719.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Sertraline for Prophylactic Treatment of Highly Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder
Lepine et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:836-842.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Instability of Symptoms in Recurrent Major Depression: A Prospective Study
Oquendo et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:255-261.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Maintenance Treatment of Insomnia: What Can We Learn From the Depression Literature?
Jindal et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:19-24.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Meta-Analysis of Placebo Rates in Major Depressive Disorder Trials
Stolk et al.
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2003;37:1891-1899.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Integration of Care: Integrating Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy to Improve Outcomes Among Patients With Mood Disorders
Jindal and Thase
Psychiatr. Serv. 2003;54:1484-1490.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effect on Disability Outcomes of a Depression Relapse Prevention Program
Von Korff et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2003;65:938-943.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Untreated Depression and Hippocampal Volume Loss
Sheline et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2003;160:1516-1518.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Consensus Statement on the Unmet Needs in Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders in Late Life
Charney et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:664-672.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Past, Present, and Future Directions for Defining Optimal Treatment Outcome in Depression: Remission and Beyond
Keller
JAMA 2003;289:3152-3160.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Bipolar Disorder (Revision)
Hirschfeld et al.
Focus 2003;1:64-110.
FULL TEXT  

Cognitive Behavior Approach to Loss of Clinical Effect During Long-Term Antidepressant Treatment: A Pilot Study
Fava et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:2094-2095.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fluoxetine v. placebo in prevention of relapse in post-traumatic stress disorder
MARTENYI et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2002;181:315-320.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Functional Neuroanatomy of the Placebo Effect
Mayberg et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:728-737.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association Consensus Statement on the Use of Placebo in Clinical Trials of Mood Disorders
Charney et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:262-270.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Late-Life Depression: Past, Present, and Future
Miller et al.
J. Psychother. Pract. Res. 2001;10:231-238.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical importance of long-term antidepressant treatment
HIRSCHFELD
Br. J. Psychiatry 2001;179 :s4-s8.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Is the Placebo Powerless?- An Analysis of Clinical Trials Comparing Placebo with No Treatment
Hrobjartsson and Gotzsche
NEJM 2001;344:1594-1602.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Preventing Recurrent Depression Using Cognitive Therapy With and Without a Continuation Phase: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jarrett et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:381-388.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prophylactic effect of citalopram in unipolar, recurrent depression: Placebo-controlled study of maintenance therapy
HOCHSTRASSER et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2001;178:304-310.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Continuation and maintenance therapy in depression
Paykel
Br Med Bull 2001;57:145-159.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Randomized Trial of Relapse Prevention of Depression in Primary Care
Katon et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:241-247.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Should depression be managed as a chronic disease?
Andrews
BMJ 2001;322:419-421.
FULL TEXT  

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in the UK: risk of relapse or recurrence of depression
CLAXTON et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2000;177:163-168.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Clinical Outcome After Short-term Psychotherapy for Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder
Birmaher et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:29-36.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Peeking Through the Door to the 21st Century
Frank and Kupfer
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:83-85.
FULL TEXT  

Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy
Wisner et al.
JAMA 1999;282:1264-1269.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long-term Maintenance and Discontinuation of Imipramine Therapy in Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia
Mavissakalian and Perel
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:821-827.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevention of Relapse in Residual Depression by Cognitive Therapy: A Controlled Trial
Paykel et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:829-835.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Withdrawing patients from antidepressants
DTB 1999;37:49-52.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cost-effectiveness of Brief Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Therapy in High Utilizers of Psychiatric Services
Guthrie et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:519-526.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

CBT for major depression may continue to reduce relapse in the long term
Parry
Evid. Based Ment. Health 1999;2:44-44.
FULL TEXT  

CBT was effective at 2 years in recurrent depression
Parry
Evid. Based Ment. Health 1999;2:45-45.
FULL TEXT  

Can Enhanced Acute-Phase Treatment of Depression Improve Long-Term Outcomes? A Report of Randomized Trials in Primary Care
Lin et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:643-645.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Nortriptyline and Interpersonal Psychotherapy as Maintenance Therapies for Recurrent Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients Older Than 59 Years
Reynolds III et al.
JAMA 1999;281:39-45.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Treating Depression as a Recurrent or Chronic Disease
Glass
JAMA 1999;281:83-84.
FULL TEXT  

The Effects of Adherence to Antidepressant Treatment Guidelines on Relapse and Recurrence of Depression
Melfi et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:1128-1132.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Maintenance Phase Efficacy of Sertraline for Chronic Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Keller et al.
JAMA 1998;280:1665-1672.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Long term pharmacotherapy of depression
Gamble et al.
BMJ 1998;317:1157-1157.
FULL TEXT  

Optimal Length of Continuation Therapy in Depression: A Prospective Assessment During Long-Term Fluoxetine Treatment
Reimherr et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:1247-1253.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relapse of Depression in Primary Care: Rate and Clinical Predictors
Lin et al.
Arch Fam Med 1998;7:443-449.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevention of Recurrent Depression With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Preliminary Findings
Fava et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:816-820.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Outpatient Utilization Patterns of Integrated and Split Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Depression
Goldman et al.
Psychiatr. Serv. 1998;49:477-482.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prospective investigations of concentration–clinical response for immunosuppressive drugs provide the scientific basis for therapeutic drug monitoring
Shaw et al.
Clin. Chem. 1998;44:381-387.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Double-Blind, Fixed-Dose, Placebo-Controlled Study of Paroxetine in the Treatment of Panic Disorder
Ballenger et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:36-42.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fortnightly review: A regular review of the long term follow up of depression
Angst
BMJ 1997;315:1143-1146.
FULL TEXT  

Depression in women: implications for health care research
Weissman and Olfson
Science 1995;269:799-801.
ABSTRACT  

Critical flicker fusion threshold and anticholinergic effects of chronic antidepressant treatment in remitted depressives
Hale and Pinninti
J Psychopharmacol 1995;9:258-266.
ABSTRACT  

The long-term management of depression
Lane
J Psychopharmacol 1995;9:191-198.
ABSTRACT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 1990 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.