This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

A Biological Correlate of Early Recurrence in Unipolar Affective Disorder

David J. Kupfer, MD; Ellen Frank, PhD; Ann B. McEachran, MS; Victoria J. Grochocinski, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;47(12):1100-1105.

Abstract
• Slow wave sleep abnormalities have long been described in depression but were considered to be nonspecific indicators of psychopathology. Computerized techniques, including amplitude frequency measures and spectral analyses, are permitting new approaches to the examination of delta sleep. Early studies suggested that many depressed patients demonstrate lower delta wave intensity during the first non—rapid eye movement period than the second one. This finding, prominent in middle-aged depressed patients, has led to an examination of the ratio between the first and second non—rapid eye movement periods. This delta sleep measure seems to be a more robust predictor of recurrence than rapid eye movement latency. Analysis of data on 74 patients in a long-term maintenance treatment study for a minimum of 24 months demonstrates that the delta sleep ratio can predict survival time following discontinuation of drug treatment. Individuals with a high delta sleep ratio remain clinically remitted five times longer than those with a low delta sleep ratio.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication November 21, 1989.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Dr Kupfer).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Alterations in Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Across Waking and Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Depression
Nofzinger et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:387-396.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship of Variability in Residual Symptoms With Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder During Maintenance Treatment
Karp et al.
Focus 2005;3:161-169.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurobiology of Non-REM Sleep in Depression: Further Evidence for Hypofrontality and Thalamic Dysregulation
Germain et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1856-1863.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relationship of Variability in Residual Symptoms With Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder During Maintenance Treatment
Karp et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2004;161:1877-1884.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Neurobiology of Depression: Perspectives from Animal and Human Sleep Studies
Shaffery et al.
Neuroscientist 2003;9:82-98.
ABSTRACT  

Electroencephalographic Sleep Profiles Before and After Cognitive Behavior Therapy of Depression
Thase et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:138-144.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Temporal Profiles of the Course of Depression During Treatment: Predictors of Pathways Toward Recovery in the Elderly
Dew et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:1016-1024.
ABSTRACT  

Electroencephalographic Sleep Profiles During Depression: Effects of Episode Duration and Other Clinical and Psychosocial Factors in Older Adults
Dew et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:148-156.
ABSTRACT  

Effects of Hypericum Extract on the Sleep EEG in Older Volunteers
Schulz and Jobert
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:S39-S43.
ABSTRACT  

Sleep in Schizophrenic Patients On and Off Haloperidol Therapy: Clinically Stable vs Relapsed Patients
Neylan et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:643-649.
ABSTRACT  

The management of patients at risk for suicide
Abou-Saleh
J Psychopharmacol 1992;6:304-311.
ABSTRACT  

Treatment of Recurrent Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder: Commentary on the Pittsburgh Study
Klerman
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:1158-1162.
ABSTRACT