This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Judith G. Rabkin, PhD, MPH; Janet B. W. Williams, DSW; Robert H. Remien, PhD; Raymond Goetz, PhD; Robert Kertzner, MD; Jack M. Gorman, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48(2):111-119.

Abstract
• We evaluated the extent to which depressive disorders, psychiatric distress, and psychosocial stressors are related to three measures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) illness, both cross-sectionally and during a 6-month period, in a community sample of 124 HIV-positive homosexual men. The dependent variables are immune status measured by CD4 and CD8 cell subsets, number of signs and symptoms commonly associated with HIV infection, and a cumulative index of HIV illness stage. We chose to focus on CD4 cell count because it is the immune marker most closely linked to the clinical consequences of HIV infection. We found no relationships between the independent variables and immune status or illness stage. The HIV-positive men who were depressed or distressed or who reported more life stressors had no greater immunosuppression or more advanced illness stage than did the others, either concurrently or across occasions. We did find a suggestive pattern of association between depressive disorders, distress, and stressors and the number of HIV-related symptoms, which warrants further study.

Author Affiliations
From the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, and the Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication August 22, 1990.

Reprint requests to Box 35, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 (Dr Rabkin).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

The Prevalence of Depression Among Men Living With HIV Infection in Vietnam
Esposito et al.
AJPH 2009;99:S439-S444.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impact of depression on HIV outcomes in the HAART era
Hartzell et al.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62:246-255.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of Resolution of Major Depression With Increased Natural Killer Cell Activity Among HIV-Seropositive Women
Cruess et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2005;162:2125-2130.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Physiological and Psychological Correlates of Fatigue in HIV Disease
Phillips et al.
Biol Res Nurs 2004;6:59-74.
ABSTRACT  

Predictors of Employment of Men With HIV/AIDS: A Longitudinal Study
Rabkin et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2004;66:72-78.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Positive Affect Predicts Lower Risk of AIDS Mortality
Moskowitz
Psychosom. Med. 2003;65:620-626.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Psychological Distress is Associated With Decreased Memory Helper T-cell and B-cell Counts in Pre-AIDS HIV Seropositive Men and Women but Only in Those With Low Viral Load
Motivala et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2003;65:627-635.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of Depression With Viral Load, CD8 T Lymphocytes, and Natural Killer Cells in Women With HIV Infection
Evans et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1752-1759.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Women With HIV Infection
Morrison et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:789-796.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Changes in Lymphocyte Subsets in Depressed HIV-Infected Patients Without Antiretroviral Therapy
Alciati et al.
Psychosomatics 2001;42:247-251.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mortality, CD4 Cell Count Decline, and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Seropositive Women: Longitudinal Analysis From the HIV Epidemiology Research Study
Ickovics et al.
JAMA 2001;285:1466-1474.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Psychological Effects of HAART: A 2-Year Study
Rabkin et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2000;62:413-422.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Progression to AIDS: The Effects of Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Social Support
Leserman et al.
Psychosom. Med. 1999;61:397-406.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Pain and Depression in HIV Illness
Evans et al.
Psychosomatics 1998;39:528-535.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Psychological Distress, Coping, and Disease Progression in HIV-positive Homosexual Men
Vassend and Eskild
J Health Psychol 1998;3:243-257.
ABSTRACT  

Severe Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Changes in Lymphocyte Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus--Infected Men: A 2-Year Follow-up Study
Leserman et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:279-285.
ABSTRACT  

Depression in Patients With Cancer: Diagnosis, Biology, and Treatment
McDaniel et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:89-99.
ABSTRACT  

Depression and CD4 Decline-Reply
Perry and Fishman
JAMA 1994;271:1744-1744.
ABSTRACT  

Psychoneuroimmunology and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Revisited
Goodkin et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:246-247.
ABSTRACT  

Psychoneuroimmunology and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Revisited-Reply
Perry and Rabkin
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:247-248.
ABSTRACT  

Depressive Symptoms as Predictors of Medical Outcomes in HIV Infection
Lyketsos et al.
JAMA 1993;270:2563-2567.
ABSTRACT  

Depression and HIV How Does One Affect the Other?
Perry and Fishman
JAMA 1993;270:2609-2610.
ABSTRACT  

Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions
Reichlin
NEJM 1993;329:1246-1253.
FULL TEXT  

Bibliography
Current Sociology 1992;40:105-117.
 

Relationships Over 1 Year Between Lymphocyte Subsets and Psychosocial Variables Among Adults With Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Perry et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:396-401.
ABSTRACT  

Depression, the Immune System, and Health and Illness: Findings in Search of Meaning
Stein et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:171-177.
ABSTRACT