This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Studies of Association and Linkage

Abbas Parsian, PhD; Richard D. Todd, MD, PhD; Eric J. Devor, PhD; Karen L. O'Malley, PhD; Brian K. Suarez, PhD; T. Reich, MD; C. Robert Cloninger, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48(7):655-663.

Abstract
• The association of the A1 allele of the D₂ dopamine receptor gene with alcoholism was examined by comparing 32 unrelated white alcoholics with 25 unrelated white controls and by analysis of 17 nuclear families in multigenerational pedigrees of alcoholics in whom the A1 allele was segregating. All subjects had structured psychiatric interviews. Clinical assessment and genotyping were carried out independently. Thirteen (41%) of the 32 alcoholics carried the A1 allele compared with three (12%) of the 25 controls. The association with the A1 allele was significant when controls were compared with a subset of 10 alcoholics with severe medical problems (60% vs 12%), but not less severe cases. However, regardless of clinical severity or subtype, there was no evidence of linkage or cosegregation of the A1 allele and increased susceptibility to alcoholism in informative pedigrees. The possible association in the general population without linkage in families may be explained either by chance variation in our small samples or a modifying effect of the A1 allele that increases severity. Further study of the role of the D₂ receptor gene in alcoholism is warranted.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Parsian, Todd, Devor, Suarez, Reich, and Cloninger), Genetics (Drs Todd, Suarez, Reich, and Cloninger), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (Dr O'Malley), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 25, 1991.

Reprints requests to Department of Psychiatry (Box 8134), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110 (Dr Parsian).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Meta-Analysis of the Association of the Taq1A Polymorphism with the Risk of Alcohol Dependency: A HuGE Gene-Disease Association Review
Smith et al.
Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:125-138.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of Specific Haplotypes of D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene With Vulnerability to Heroin Dependence in 2 Distinct Populations
Xu et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:597-606.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Polymorphisms in the Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Gene HPC2/ELAC2 in Multiplex Families and Healthy Controls
Suarez et al.
Cancer Res. 2001;61:4982-4984.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene Polymorphisms among African-Americans and Mexican-Americans: A Lung Cancer Case-Control Study
Wu et al.
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:1021-1026.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

ALCOHOLICS WITH THE DOPAMINE RECEPTOR DRD2 A1 ALLELE HAVE LOWER PLATELET MONOAMINE OXIDASE-B ACTIVITY THAN THOSE WITH THE A2 ALLELE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Eriksson et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2000;35:493-498.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Discovery of Cancer Susceptibility Genes: Study Designs, Analytic Approaches, and Trends in Technology
Schaid et al.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1999;1999:1-16.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

TRAIT MARKERS FOR ALCOHOLISM: CLINICAL UTILITY
Farren and Tipton
Alcohol Alcohol 1999;34:649-665.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Fatty acid ethyl esters: short-term and long-term serum markers of ethanol intake
Laposata
Clin. Chem. 1997;43:1527-1534.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

D2 Dopamine Receptor A1 Allele in Alzheimer Disease and Aging
Small et al.
Arch Neurol 1997;54:281-285.
ABSTRACT  

A Man With Alcoholism and HIV Infection
Hyman
JAMA 1995;274:837-843.
ABSTRACT  

Genetic dissection of complex traits
Lander and Schork
Science 1994;265:2037-2048.
ABSTRACT  

The sobering D2 story
Blum and Noble
Science 1994;265:1346-1347.
 

D2 Dopamine Receptor Alleles Do Not Influence Severity of Tourette's Syndrome: Results From Four Large Kindreds
Gelernter et al.
Arch Neurol 1994;51:397-400.
ABSTRACT  

No Structural Mutation in the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism or Schizophrenia: Analysis Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Gejman et al.
JAMA 1994;271:204-208.
ABSTRACT  

The A1 Allele at the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Alcoholism: A Reappraisal
Gelernter et al.
JAMA 1993;269:1673-1677.
ABSTRACT  

A Population-Based Twin Study of Alcoholism in Women
Kendler et al.
JAMA 1992;268:1877-1882.
ABSTRACT  

Genetic Vulnerability to Drug Abuse: The D2 Dopamine Receptor Taq I B1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Appears More Frequently in Polysubstance Abusers
Smith et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:723-727.
ABSTRACT  

Addiction Medicine
Frances and Franklin
JAMA 1992;268:330-332.
ABSTRACT  

The D2 Dopamine Receptor and Tourette's Syndrome
Devor
JAMA 1992;267:651-651.
ABSTRACT  

Current Excitement With D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene Alleles in Substance Abuse
Uhl et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:157-160.
ABSTRACT  

The Dopamine D2 Receptor Locus as a Modifying Gene in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Comings et al.
JAMA 1991;266:1793-1800.
ABSTRACT  

NO Association Between an Allele at the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD2) and Alcoholism
Gelernter et al.
JAMA 1991;266:1801-1807.
ABSTRACT  

D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene Is Associated but Not Linked With Alcoholism
Cloninger
JAMA 1991;266:1833-1834.
ABSTRACT  

Association Between the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Alcoholism: A Continuing Controversy
Conneally
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:757-759.
ABSTRACT  

Association Between the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Alcoholism: A Continuing Controversy
Conneally
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:664-666.
ABSTRACT