This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Wayne S. Fenton, MD; Thomas H. McGlashan, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49(3):179-184.

Abstract
• To compare methods of measuring negative symptoms, eight rating scales were employed to retrospectively assess and subtype 187 patients with schizophrenia from the Chestnut Lodge Follow-up Study. These included Andreasen's Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Carpenter's Criteria for the Deficit Syndrome, Kay and Opler's Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, the scales developed by Krawiecka et al and Crow's modification of them, the Negative Symptom Scale developed by Lewine et al, PogueGeile and Harrow's Negative Symptom Scale, and Abrams and Taylor's Emotional Blunting Scale. The overlap and concordance, temporal stability, and predictive validity of these instruments are described. When rated from detailed medical records, the reliability of all scales was fair to good. Despite their inclusion of different items, there were high positive correlations between the scales when used to rate negative symptoms dimensionally. When used to classify individual patients as having the negative or deficit syndrome, however, concordance among criteria was low. Using the broadest criteria (Pogue-Geile and Harrow), 75 (40%) patients were diagnosed as having negative syndrome; the narrowest criteria (Andreasen and Olsen) yielded 11 (6%) diagnoses of negative syndrome. Narrower definitions tended to be subsets of broader ones. Carpenter's Criteria for the Deficit Syndrome focus on primary enduring negative symptoms and show the greatest temporal stability. Broader criteria, which diagnose the deficit or negative syndrome independent of severity of positive symptoms, had the greatest predictive validity.

Author Affiliations
From the Chestnut Lodge Research Institute, Rockville, Md, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (Dr Fenton); and the Yale Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Conn (Dr McGlashan).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication July 24, 1991.

Reprint requests to Chestnut Lodge Research Institute, 500 W Montgomery Ave, Rockville, MD 20850 (Dr Fenton).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Social Anhedonia and Schizotypy in a Community Sample: The Maryland Longitudinal Study of Schizotypy
Blanchard et al.
Schizophr Bull 2009;0:sbp107v1-sbp107.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Avolition and Occam's Razor
Foussias and Remington
Schizophr Bull 2008;0:sbn094v1-sbn094.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Deficit Schizophrenia: Association With Serum Antibodies to Cytomegalovirus
Dickerson et al.
Schizophr Bull 2006;32:396-400.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Summer Birth and Deficit Schizophrenia: A Pooled Analysis From 6 Countries
Messias et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:985-989.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Summer Birth and Deficit Schizophrenia in Dumfries and Galloway, Southwestern Scotland
Kirkpatrick et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2002;159:1382-1387.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A Separate Disease Within the Syndrome of Schizophrenia
Kirkpatrick et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:165-171.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Sibling Correlation of Deficit Syndrome in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families
Ross et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:1071-1076.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Relation of Familial Schizophrenia to Negative Symptoms But Not to the Deficit Syndrome
Malaspina et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:994-1003.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neurological Signs and the Heterogeneity of Schizophrenia
Arango et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2000;157:560-565.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Empirical Validation of Primary Negative Symptoms: Independence From Effects of Medication and Psychosis
Kelley et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:406-411.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Summer Birth and the Deficit Syndrome of Schizophrenia
Kirkpatrick et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:1221-1226.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Positive and Negative Symptom Response to Clozapine in Schizophrenic Patients With and Without the Deficit Syndrome
Buchanan et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:751-760.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prediction of Compliance With Outpatient Referral in Patients With Schizophrenia and Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders
Miner et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:706-712.
ABSTRACT  

Neuropsychological Impairments in Deficit vs Nondeficit Forms of Schizophrenia
Buchanan et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:804-811.
ABSTRACT  

The Negative Symptom Challenge
Carpenter
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:236-237.
ABSTRACT