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Determination by High-Resolution Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Robert T. Rubin, MD, PhD; Javier Villanueva-Meyer, MD; Jambur Ananth, MD; Peter G. Trajmar, MS; Ismael Mena, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49(9):695-702.

Abstract
• We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the xenon 133 (¹³³Xe) inhalation method and with regional cerebral uptake of technetium 99m d,l—hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (^99mTc-HMPAO) by single-photon emission computed tomography in 10 adult male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in 10 agematched adult male normal controls. With the ¹³³Xe method, there were no significant differences in cortical or basal ganglia blood flow between the patients with OCD and their matched controls. In the patients, there was a positive relationship between rCBF and the severity of both obsessive and compulsive symptoms (average r =.48). These rCBF findings were consistent with those of earlier reports of increased rCBF in patients with OCD who were undergoing imaginal flooding and who had exacerbation of symptoms following m-CPP administration. ^99mTc-HMPAO is a lipophilic molecule that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to a hydrophilic form that is trapped in the brain. The amount that is trapped is determined primarily by blood flow, but also by membrane permeability and kinetics of conversion of the ^99MTc-HMPAO to the hydro- philic form. Compared with their matched controls, the patients with OCD had significantly increased ^99mTcHMPAO uptake in the high dorsal parietal cortex bilaterally, in the left posterofrontal cortex, and in the orbital frontal cortex bilaterally. Possible explanations include (1) increased rCBF that was not detected with ¹³³Xe, (2) increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or cell membranes, and (3) increased conversion and trapping of the lipophilic, injected form of ^99mTc-HMPAO in these regions. This finding is consistent with those findings from earlier reports of increased uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose in the orbital frontal regions of patients with OCD, as determined by positron emission tomography. The patients also had significantly reduced ^99mTc-HMPAO uptake in the head of the caudate nucleus bilaterally, but not in the putamen or thalamus, consistent with the hypothesized reduction of caudate nucleus activity in OCD. The results of our study provide additional support for the involvement of specific cortical areas in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Rubin and Ananth) and rAdiology (Division of Nuclear Medicine) (Drs Villanueva-Meyer and Mena), Harbor—UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, Calif, and the Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif (Mr Trajmar). Dr Rubin is now with the Neurosciences Research Center, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Campus of the Medical College of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication January 17, 1992.

Reprint requests to Neurosciences Research Center, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, 320 E North Ave, Eighth Floor, South Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772 (Dr Rubin).

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