You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


Advertisement

ABOUT ARCHIVES
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | RSS | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 51 No. 1, January 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Online Only
 •  Online First Table of
Contents
  Original Articles
 •Online Features
 This Article
 •References
 •Full text PDF
 • Reply to article
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Citing articles on Web of Science (373)
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in this journal
 Social Bookmarking
  Add to CiteULike Add to Connotea Add to Delicious Add to Digg Add to Facebook Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this?

CSF Biochemistries, Glucose Metabolism, and Diurnal Activity Rhythms in Alcoholic, Violent Offenders, Fire Setters, and Healthy Volunteers

Matti Virkkunen, MD; Robert Rawlings, MS; Riitta Tokola, MD; Russell E. Poland, PhD; Alessandro Guidotti, MD; Charles Nemeroff, MD, PhD; Garth Bissette, PhD; Konstantine Kalogeras, MD; Sirkka-Liisa Karonen, PhD; Markku Linnoila, MD, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(1):20-27.


Abstract



Background
There is an extensive literature describing a central serotonin deficit in alcoholic, impulsive, violent offenders and fire setters. In the present study, we investigated biochemical concomitants of impulsivity and aggressiveness, and the physiological consequences of reduced central serotonin turnover.

Methods
Forty-three impulsive and 15 nonimpulsive alcoholic offenders and 21 healthy volunteers were studied in the forensic psychiatry ward of a university psychiatric department. The subjects underwent lumbar punctures and oral glucose and aspartame challenges, and their diurnal activity rhythm was measured with physical activity monitors. Discriminant function analyses were used to investigate psychophysiological and biochemical concomitants of aggressive and impulsive behaviors.

Results
Alcoholic, impulsive offenders with antisocial personality disorder had low mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleaceticacid (5-HIAA) and corticotropin levels and high mean CSF testosterone concentrations. Compared with healthy volunteers, they showed increased physical activity during the daytime. Alcoholic, impulsive offenders with intermittent explosive disorder had a low mean CSF 5-HIAA concentration and blood glucose nadir after an oral glucose challenge, and desychronized diuranalactivityrhythm. Healthy volunteers had mean CSF 5-HIAA concentrations that were intermediate between those of alcoholic, impulsive and nonimpulsive offenders. Alcoholic, nonimpulsive offenders had a significantly higher mean CSF 5-HIAA concentration than all the other groups, including healthy volunteers. In the present sample, a low CSF 5-HIAA concentration was primarily associated with impulsivity and high CSF testosterone concentration, with aggressiveness or interpersonal violence.

Conclusions
In the present sample, a low CSF 5-HIAA concentration was primarily associated with impulsivity and high CSF testosterone concentration, with aggressiveness or interpersonal violence.



Author Affiliations



From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Virkkunen and Tokola) and Clinical Chemistry (Dr Karonen), University of Helsinki (Finland); Laboratory of Clinical Studies, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIAAA, Bethesda, Md (Mr Rawlings and Dr Linnoila); Division of Biological Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (Dr Poland); Fidia-Georgetown Neuroscience Institute, Washington, DC (Dr Guidotti); Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga (Dr Nemeroff); Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Dr Bissette); and Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, Bethesda (Dr Kalogeras).



Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Delicious Delicious   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Facebook Facebook   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Low serotonergic tone and elevated risk for substance misuse
Nutt
Br. J. Psychiatry 2011;199:353-354.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Effects of lowered serotonin transmission on cocaine-induced striatal dopamine response: PET [11C]raclopride study in humans
Cox et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2011;199:391-397.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Methylation at 5HTT Mediates the Impact of Child Sex Abuse on Women's Antisocial Behavior: An Examination of the Iowa Adoptee Sample
Beach et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2011;73:83-87.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Neurobiology of Personality Disorders: Implications for Psychoanalysis
Siever and Weinstein
J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2009;57:361-398.
ABSTRACT  

5-HT1A Receptors in the Frontal Cortical Brain Areas in Cloninger Type 1 and 2 Alcoholics Measured by Whole-Hemisphere Autoradiography
Storvik et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2009;44:2-7.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Suicide and Suicidal Behavior
Nock et al.
Epidemiol Rev 2008;30:133-154.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Personality Correlates of Alcohol Consumption and Aggression in a Hispanic College Population
La Grange et al.
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2007;29:570-580.
ABSTRACT  

ALCOHOLISM AND HOMICIDE WITH RESPECT TO THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS OF LESCH AND CLONINGER
REULBACH et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2007;42:103-107.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALCOHOL MISUSE AND SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR
BRADY
Alcohol Alcohol 2006;41:473-478.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Monoamines and neurosteroids in sexual function during induced hypogonadism in healthy men.
Bloch et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:450-456.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Ecstasy use and self-reported depression, impulsivity, and sensation seeking: a prospective cohort study
de Win et al.
J Psychopharmacol 2006;20:226-235.
ABSTRACT  

Brain Serotonin Transporter Density and Aggression in Abstinent Methamphetamine Abusers
Sekine et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:90-100.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION IN THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON CORTICOSTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS OF ALCOHOL-PREFERRING AND NON-PREFERRING RATS
APTER and ERIKSSON
Alcohol Alcohol 2006;41:33-38.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

A "Jekyll and Hyde" Within: Aggressive Versus Friendly Interactions in REM and Non-REM Dreams
McNamara et al.
Psychological Science 2005;16:130-136.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Impulsive-Aggressive Traits, Serotonin Function, and Alcohol-Enhanced Aggression
Fulwiler et al.
J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45:94-100.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Effects of Pharmacologically Induced Hypogonadism on Mood in Healthy Men
Schmidt et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:997-1004.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

OESTRADIOL AND HUMAN MALE ALCOHOL-RELATED AGGRESSION
Eriksson et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2003;38:589-596.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Differential Pharmacological Treatment of Paraphilias and Sex Offenders
Hill et al.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2003;47:407-421.
ABSTRACT  

The Relationship between Serotonergic Function and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version
Dolan and Anderson
J Psychopharmacol 2003;17:216-222.
ABSTRACT  

CHANGES IN PLASMA NORADRENALINE AND SEROTONIN LEVELS AND CRAVING DURING ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
Patkar et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2003;38:224-231.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Positron Emission Tomography of Regional Brain Metabolic Responses to a Serotonergic Challenge and Lethality of Suicide Attempts in Major Depression
Oquendo et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:14-22.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

NEUROCHEMICAL MARKERS OF ALCOHOLISM VULNERABILITY IN HUMANS
Ratsma et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 2002;37:522-533.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Evidence for a dysfunctional prefrontal circuit in patients with an impulsive aggressive disorder
Best et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002;99:8448-8453.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Criminality and Moral Dysfunctions: Neurological, Biochemical, and Genetic Dimensions
Martens
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2002;46:170-182.
ABSTRACT  

Relationship between 5-HT function and impulsivity and aggression in male offenders with personality disorders
DOLAN et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2001;178:352-359.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antisocial and Psychopathic Personality Disorders: Causes, Course, and Remission--A Review Article
Martens
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2000;44:406-430.
ABSTRACT  

Does Socioeconomic Status Relate to Central Serotonergic Responsivity in Healthy Adults?
Matthews et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2000;62:231-237.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Plasma total cholesterol concentrations do not predict cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter metabolites: implications for the biophysical role of highly unsaturated fatty acids
Hibbeln et al.
Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:331S-338S.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Marcel: A Case Report of a Violent Sexual Psychopath in Remission
Martens
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 1999;43:391-399.
ABSTRACT  

PLATELET SEROTONERGIC BINDING SITES IN ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT PATIENTS
Arranz et al.
Alcohol Alcohol 1999;34:726-732.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SEROTONIN AND PERSONALITY AS VARIABLES CONTRIBUTING TO EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES
Higley and Bennett
Alcohol Alcohol 1999;34:402-418.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cladistic association analysis of Y chromosome effects on alcohol dependence and related personality traits
Kittles et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999;96:4204-4209.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Testosterone, Physical Aggression, Dominance, and Physical Development in Early Adolescence
Tremblay et al.
International Journal of Behavioral Development 1998;22:753-777.
ABSTRACT  

Linkage of Antisocial Alcoholism to the Serotonin 5-HT1B Receptor Gene in 2 Populations
Lappalainen et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:989-994.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cerebrospinal Fluid Vasopressin Levels: Correlates With Aggression and Serotonin Function in Personality-Disordered Subjects
Coccaro et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:708-714.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The use of multivariate statistical methods in psychiatry
Everitt and Landau
Stat Methods Med Res 1998;7:253-277.
ABSTRACT  

Fluoxetine and Impulsive Aggressive Behavior in Personality-Disordered Subjects
Coccaro and Kavoussi
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:1081-1088.
ABSTRACT  

Neuroendocrine Response to Fenfluramine Challenge in Boys: Associations With Aggressive Behavior and Adverse Rearing
Pine et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:839-846.
ABSTRACT  

Need-driven dementia-compromised behavior: An alternative view of disruptive behavior
Algase et al.
AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMEN 1996;11:10-19.
ABSTRACT  

Crime and Violence among Psychiatric Patients in a Maximum Security Psychiatric Hospital
RASMUSSEN and LEVANDER
Criminal Justice and Behavior 1996;23:455-471.
ABSTRACT  

A Prospective Follow-up Study of Alcoholic Violent Offenders and Fire Setters
Virkkunen et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:523-529.
ABSTRACT  

Impulsive Aggression in Personality Disorder Correlates With Tritiated Paroxetine Binding in the Platelet
Coccaro et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:531-536.
ABSTRACT  

Excessive Mortality in Young Free-Ranging Male Nonhuman Primates With Low Cerebrospinal Fluid 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentrations
Higley et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:537-543.
ABSTRACT  

Aggressive behavior in institutionalized elders: A theoretical framework
Kolanowski
AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMEN 1995;10:23-29.
ABSTRACT  

Effects of Alterations in Plasma Tryptophan Levels on Aggressive Feelings
Cleare and Bond
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:1004-1005.
ABSTRACT  

Enhanced aggressive behavior in mice lacking 5-HT1B receptor
Saudou et al.
Science 1994;265:1875-1878.
ABSTRACT  

Personality Profiles and State Aggressiveness in Finnish Alcoholic, Violent Offenders, Fire Setters, and Healthy Volunteers
Virkkunen et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:28-33.
ABSTRACT  

Suicidality and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentration Associated With a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Polymorphism
Nielsen et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:34-38.
ABSTRACT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | PHYSICIAN JOBS | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 1994 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.