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Scott L. Rauch, MD; Michael A. Jenike, MD; Nathaniel M. Alpert, PhD; Lee Baer, PhD; Hans C. R. Breiter, MD; Cary R. Savage, PhD; Alan J. Fischman, MD, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(1):62-70.

Abstract
Background
The study was designed to determine the mediating neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods
The short half-life tracer oxygen 15—labeled carbon dioxide was used to allow for repeated positron emission tomographic determinations of regional cerebral blood flow on each of eight patients with OCD during a resting and a provoked (symptomatic) state.

Results
Individually tailored provocative stimuli were successful in provoking OCD symptoms, in comparison with paired innocuous stimuli, as measured by selfreport on OCD analogue scales (P=.002). Omnibus subtraction images demonstrated a statistically significant increase in relative regional cerebral blood flow during the OCD symptomatic state vs the resting state in right caudate nucleus (P<.006), left anterior cingulate cortex (P<.045), and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (P<.008); increases in the left thalamus approached but did not reach statistical significance (P=.07).

Conclusions
These findings are consistent with results of previous functional neuroimaging studies and contemporary neurocircuitry models of OCD. The data further implicate orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and anterior cigulate cortex in the pathophysiology of OCD and in mediating OCD symptoms.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Rauch, Jenike, Baer, Breiter, and Savage) and Radiology (Drs Rauch, Alpert, Breiter, and Fischman) and Division of Nuclear Medicine/Positron Emission Tomography Laboratory (Drs Rauch, Alpert, and Fischman), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.

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