This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Reply to article  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

Eugene S. Paykel, MD, FRCP, FRCPsych; Carol Brayne, MSc, MD, MRCP, MFPHM; Felicia A. Huppert, PhD; Caroline Gill, MSc; Claire Barkley, MB, ChB, MRCPsych; Eric Gehlhaar, MB, MRCPsych, DGM; Lynn Beardsall, PhD; Deborah M. Girling, MA, MB, BChir, MRCPsych; Penelope Pollitt, PhD; Daniel O'Connor, MD, FRANZCPsych

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(4):325-332.

Abstract
Background
Incidence studies have been relatively neglected in psychiatric epidemiology. They are particularly important for dementia, since prevalence rates are affected by length of survial, which itself falls with increasing age and presence of dementia.

Methods
Two-wave community study of 1195 elderly subjects aged older than 75 years, restudied 2.4 years after a community prevalence study. A two-stage method was used, comprising the Mini-Mental State Examination followed in a stratified sample by the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX) interview. Incidence rates were based on personyears at risk.

Results
Annual incidence rates for dementia were 2.3% for subjects initially aged 75 to 79 years, 4.6% for ages 80 to 84 years, and 8.5% for ages 85 to 89 years, approximately doubling every 5 years. Rates did not differ significantly by sex, educational level, or social class. Twice as many additional individuals received a diagnosis of minimal dementia not reaching case threshold.

Conclusions
The findings show high rates of new onset dementia, increasing markedly with age, and suggest rapid acceleration of one or more processes that is common in advanced age.

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Psychiatry (Drs Paykel, Huppert, Barkley, Beardsall, Gehlhaar, and Girling) and Community Medicine (Dr Brayne), University of Cambridge (Englad); MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge (Ms Gill); Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Dr O'Connor); and the Australian National University, Canberra (Dr Pollitt).

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

The Prevalence of Dementia in an Urban Turkish Population
Gurvit et al.
AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMEN 2008;23:67-76.
ABSTRACT  

Cohort Profile: The Cambridge City over-75s Cohort (CC75C)
Fleming et al.
Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:40-46.
FULL TEXT  

Complexity of Work and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Study of Swedish Twins
Andel et al.
Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Science 2005;60:P251-P258.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and incidence according to different diagnostic criteria: Results of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+)
BUSSE et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2003;182:449-454.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease
Wilson et al.
JAMA 2002;287:742-748.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Influence of Education on Clinically Diagnosed Dementia Incidence and Mortality Data From the Kungsholmen Project
Qiu et al.
Arch Neurol 2001;58:2034-2039.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Occupation during life and risk of dementia in French elderly community residents
Helmer et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2001;71:303-309.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence of dementia according to DSM-III-R and ICD-10: Results of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA75+), Part 2
RIEDEL-HELLER et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2001;179:255-260.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Genetic association of an LBP-1c/CP2/LSF gene polymorphism with late onset Alzheimer's disease
Taylor et al.
J. Med. Genet. 2001;38:232-233.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Response of Patients With Alzheimer Disease to Rivastigmine Treatment Is Predicted by the Rate of Disease Progression
Farlow et al.
Arch Neurol 2001;58:417-422.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease in 2 Communities: Yoruba Residing in Ibadan, Nigeria, and African Americans Residing in Indianapolis, Indiana
Hendrie et al.
JAMA 2001;285:739-747.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The ACE gene and Alzheimer's disease susceptibility
Narain et al.
J. Med. Genet. 2000;37:695-697.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Staging of Cytoskeletal and {beta}-Amyloid Changes in Human Isocortex Reveals Biphasic Synaptic Protein Response during Progression of Alzheimer's Disease
Mukaetova-Ladinska et al.
Am. J. Pathol. 2000;157:623-636.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The incidence of dementia in Canada
Neurology 2000;55:66-73.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Low education and childhood rural residence: Risk for Alzheimer's disease in African Americans
Hall et al.
Neurology 2000;54:95-95.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia: The EURODEM Studies
Andersen et al.
Neurology 1999;53:1992-1992.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Epidemiology of Common Late-Life Mental Disorders in the Community: Themes for the New Century
Gallo and Lebowitz
Psychiatr. Serv. 1999;50:1158-1166.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimers disease and other dementing disorders in Pylea, Greece
Tsolaki et al.
AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMEN 1999;14:138-148.
ABSTRACT  

Aging and the Occurrence of Dementia: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort With a Large Sample of Nonagenarians
von Strauss et al.
Arch Neurol 1999;56:587-592.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Are sex and educational level independent predictors of dementia and Alzheimer's disease? Incidence data from the PAQUID project
Letenneur et al.
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1999;66:177-183.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Cognitive Decline in Adulthood: An 11.5-Year Follow-Up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study
Lyketsos et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:58-65.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Results from EURODEM pooled analyses
Launer et al.
Neurology 1999;52:78-78.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Incidence of very mild to severe dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Denmark: The Odense Study
Andersen et al.
Neurology 1999;52:85-85.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Relationships Between Age, Sex, and the Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-analysis
Gao et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:809-815.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Education and Other Measures of Socioeconomic Status and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease in a Defined Population of Older Persons
Evans et al.
Arch Neurol 1997;54:1399-1405.
ABSTRACT  

Lifelong Learning: An Emerging Research Agenda for Music Education
Myers
Research Studies in Music Education 1995;4:21-27.
ABSTRACT