 |
|
Psychiatric Disorders in Relatives of Probands With Panic Disorder and/or Major Depression
Risë B. Goldstein, PhD, MPH;
Myrna M. Weissman, PhD;
Phillip B. Adams, PhD;
Ewald Horwath, MD;
Jennifer D. Lish, PhD;
Dennis Charney, MD;
Scott W. Woods, MD;
Christina Sobin, PhD;
Priya J. Wickramaratne, PhD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(5):383-394.
Abstract
| |
Background
Panic disorder and major depression (MDD) are both highly familial disorders that co-occur in individuals but do not cosegregate in families. Evidence concerning their familial aggregation with other psychiatric disorders, including phobias, substance abuse, and antisocial personality, has been contradictory. In part, the contradictory findings may be due to failure to account for the effects of proband comorbidity on risks in relatives.
Methods
A family study of 1047 adult first-degree relatives of 193 probands in four diagnostic groups (panic disorder without MDD, panic disorder plus MDD, earlyonset MDD, and screened normal controls) was used to determine the range of psychiatric disorders associated with panic disorder and MDD and the effects of proband comorbidity on the rates of disorders in relatives.
Results
Compared to relatives of normal controls, relatives of probands with panic disorder or panic disorder and
MDD showed significantly increased risks of panic disorder, but relatives of probands with early-onset MDD did not. After proband comorbidity was controlled for, relatives of probands with panic disorder were also at a significantly increased risk for social phobia but not for any other psychiatric disorders. Relatives of probands with early-onset MDD were at significantly increased risks for MDD, dysthymia, abuse of or dependence on alcohol and other drugs, and antisocial personality disorders but not for any other psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions
We conclude that panic disorder is a specific familial entity that is not associated with a broad range of other anxiety or other psychiatric disorders, with the possible exception of social phobia. Dysthymia, substance abuse, and antisocial personality appear to be on the spectrum of early-onset MDD.
Author Affiliations
From the Division of Clinical and Genetic Epidemiology, the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Drs Goldstein, Weissman, Adams, Sobin, and Wickramaratne), and the Departments of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Drs Weissman, Adams, Horwath, Sobin, and Wickramaratne), the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Dr Lish), Yale University School of Medicine (Drs Charney and Woods), and the Connecticut Mental Health Center (Dr Woods), New Haven. Dr Lish is currently with the Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter
What's this?
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Lifetime Psychiatric Disorders in School-aged Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder: The Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study
Birmaher et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:287-296.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
The Structure of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorders in Men and Women
Hettema et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:182-189.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Genetic Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
Hettema et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2001;158:1568-1578.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Patterns of Psychopathology and Dysfunction in High-Risk Children of Parents With Panic Disorder and Major Depression
Biederman et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2001;158:49-57.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A Family Study of Major Depressive Disorder in a Community Sample of Adolescents
Klein et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:13-20.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Heritability of Anxiety Sensitivity: A Twin Study
Stein et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156:246-251.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Panic and Phobic Anxiety: Defining Phenotypes for Genetic Studies
Smoller and Tsuang
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:1152-1162.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
A Direct-Interview Family Study of Generalized Social Phobia
Stein et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 1998;155:90-97.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Natural History of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/ DSM-IV Major Depression: The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up
Eaton et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:993-999.
ABSTRACT
A simple genetic basis for a complex psychological trait in laboratory mice
Flint et al.
Science 1995;269:1432-1435.
ABSTRACT
Is the Comorbidity Between Social Phobia and Panic Disorder Due to Familial Cotransmission or Other Factors?
Horwath et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:574-582.
ABSTRACT
Family Study of Early-Onset Dysthymia: Mood and Personality Disorders in Relatives of Outpatients With Dysthymia and Episodic Major Depression and Normal Controls
Klein et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:487-496.
ABSTRACT
|
