Independent Diagnoses of Adoptees and Relatives As Defined by DSM-III in the Provincial and National Samples of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950060020002

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Vol. 51 No. 6, June 1994

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Independent Diagnoses of Adoptees and Relatives As Defined by DSM-III in the Provincial and National Samples of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia

Kenneth S. Kendler, MD; Alan M. Gruenberg, MD; Dennis K. Kinney, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(6):456-468.

Abstract

Background
This report describes the independent application of DSM-IIIcriteria to the adoptees and relatives in the Provincial sampleof the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia of Kety and colleagues.We report these results and combine them with those reportedpreviously for the Copenhagen sample to form the National sample.

Methods
Personal interviews and institutional record summaries of adopteesand biological and adoptive relatives were "blindly" diagnosedusing DSM-III criteria. "Schizophrenia spectrum" was a prioridefined as schizophrenia; schizoaffective disorder, mainly schizophrenicsubtype; and schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders.

Results and Conclusion
In the Provincial sample, the prevalence of "spectrum" disorderswas significantly greater in biological relatives of schizophreniaspectrum vs control adoptees. The results were also consistentwith the genetic transmission of individual diagnoses withinthe spectrum. When combined into the National sample, the resultsprovided strong evidence for (1) the genetic transmission ofDSM-III schizophrenia; (2) a genetic relationship between DSM-IIIschizophrenia, mainly schizophrenic schizoaffective disorder,and schizotypal personality disorder; and (3) the absence ofa significant genetic relationship between the schizophreniaspectrum and either psychotic nonspectrum disorders, major depression,or anxiety disorders. We found no evidence for the familialenvironment transmission of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.These results are consistent with the findings reported by Ketyand coworkers from their diagnostic review.

Author Affiliations

From the Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond (Dr Kendler); the Dave Garroway Laboratory, Pennsylvania Hospital, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Dr Gruenberg); and the Laboratories for Psychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (Dr Kinney).

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