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Ewald Horwath; Susan I. Wolk, MD; Rise B. Goldstein, PhD, MPH; Priya Wickramaratne, PhD; Christina Sobin, PhD; Phillip Adams, PhD; Jennifer D. Lish, PhD; Myrna M. Weissman, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(7):574-582.

Abstract
Background
We previously reported significantly elevated rates of social phobia in relatives of probands with panic disorder compared with relatives of other proband groups. This study further investigates the relationship between social phobia and panic disorder.

Method
This sample is from a family study that included 193 probands from four mutually exclusive groups (patients with panic disorder, patients with panic disorder and major depression, patients with early-onset major depression, and normal controls) and 1047 of their adult first-degree relatives. Best-estimate diagnoses were completed using DSM-III-R criteria.

Results
Social phobia and agoraphobia aggregate in the families of probands with panic disorder without major depression. Social phobia frequently co-occurs with panic disorder in relatives, but the risk for comorbidity does not vary across proband groups.

Conclusions
The familial aggregation of social phobia with panic disorder may be explained by the aggregation of panic disorder in relatives of probands with panic disorder combined with the tendency for panic disorder to occur comorbidly with social phobia in individuals.

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Psychiatry, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University (Drs Horwath, Wolk, Wickramaratne, Sobin, Adams, and Weissman), and the Division of Clinical and Genetic Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute (Drs Goldstein, Wickramaratne, Sobin, Adams, and Weissman), New York, NY; and the Department of Psychiatry, the Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Dr Lish).

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