The Cross-national Epidemiology of Panic Disorder

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830160021003

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Vol. 54 No. 4, April 1997

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The Cross-national Epidemiology of Panic Disorder

Myrna M. Weissman, PhD; Roger C. Bland, MB; Glorisa J. Canino, PhD; Carlo Faravelli, MD; Steven Greenwald, MA; Hai-Gwo Hwu, MD; Peter R. Joyce, PhD; Elie G. Karam, MD; Chung-Kyoon Lee, MD; Joseph Lellouch, PhD; Jean-Pierre Lépine, MD; Stephen C. Newman, MD; Mark A. Oakley-Browne, PhD; Maritza Rubio-Stipec, MA; J. Elisabeth Wells, PhD; Priya J. Wickramaratne, PhD; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, PhD; Eng-Kung Yeh, MD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54(4):305-309.

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological data on panic disorder from community studiesfrom 10 countries around the world are presented to determinethe consistency of findings across diverse cultures.

Method
Data from independently conducted community surveys from 10countries (the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, France, WestGermany, Italy, Lebanon, Taiwan, Korea, and New Zealand), usingthe Diagnostic Interview Schedule and DSM-III criteria and includingover 40 000 subjects, were analyzed with appropriate standardizationfor age and sex differences among subjects from different countries.

Results
The lifetime prevalence rates for panic disorder ranged from1.4 per 100 in Edmonton, Alberta, to 2.9 per 100 in Florence,Italy, with the exception of that in Taiwan, 0.4 per 100, whererates for most psychiatric disorders are low. Mean age at firstonset was usually in early to middle adulthood. The rates werehigher in female than male subjects in all countries. Panicdisorder was associated with an increased risk of agoraphobiaand major depression in all countries.

Conclusions
Panic disorder is relatively consistent, with a few exceptions,in rates and patterns across different countries. It is unclearwhy the rates of panic and other psychiatric disorders are lowerin Taiwan.

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