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Left Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Evidence From Phonetic and Tonal Dichotic Listening Tasks
Gerard Bruder, PhD;
Jürgen Kayser, PhD;
Craig Tenke, PhD;
Xavier Amador, PhD;
Michelle Friedman, BA;
Zafar Sharif, MD;
Jack Gorman, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:267-276.
Background Asymmetric reduction of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) has provided evidence of left temporal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. Prior studies have been limited by reliance on simple target detection (oddball) tasks with pure tones. This study investigated the time course and topography of ERPs to binaural syllables or complex tones in dichotic listening tasks.
Methods Event-related potentials of 26 patients meeting criteria for schizophrenia (n=19) or schizoaffective disorder (n=7) and 26 healthy controls were recorded from 30 scalp electrodes during 2 dichotic tasks in which different syllables or complex tones were simultaneously presented to each ear. A principal components analysis was used to derive factor scores corresponding to overlapping components in ERP waveforms—N1, N2, P3, and a late-positive potential.
Results Healthy controls showed a right ear advantage for perceiving dichotic syllables, which was associated with greater N2 amplitude at left than right temporoparietal sites. Patients with schizophrenia did not show either this perceptual or N2 asymmetry. Patients also had smaller late-positive potential amplitude when compared with controls for both syllables and complex tones, with greatest decrement over left temporal sites.
Conclusions A right ear advantage in healthy adults for perceiving consonant-vowels was associated with a left-lateralized ERP component peaking at 200 milliseconds after syllable onset (N2). Patients with schizophrenia failed to show either of these task-dependent asymmetries, which may indicate a dysfunction of left temporal regions involved in phonetic classification. A task-independent asymmetric reduction of a later positive potential in patients with schizophrenia resembled left temporal P3 reductions reported for auditory oddball tasks.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons (Drs Bruder, Kayser, Amador, Sharif, and Gorman), New York, NY; the Departments of Biopsychology (Drs Bruder, Kayser, Tenke, and Ms Friedman) and Clinical Psychobiology (Drs Gorman, Amador, and Sharif), the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; and the Schizophrenia Research Unit, Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, Queens Village, NY (Dr Sharif).
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