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Association of Maladaptive Parental Behavior With Psychiatric Disorder Among Parents and Their Offspring
Jeffrey G. Johnson, PhD;
Patricia Cohen, PhD;
Stephanie Kasen, PhD;
Elizabeth Smailes, MPhil;
Judith S. Brook, PhD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:453-460.
Background A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the role of maladaptive
parental behavior in the association between parent and offspring psychiatric
disorder.
Methods Psychosocial and psychiatric interviews were administered to a representative
community sample of 593 biological parents and their offspring from 2 counties
in the state of New York in 1975, 1983, 1985 to 1986, and 1991 to 1993. In
1975, the offspring were a mean age of 6 years. Maladaptive parental behavior
was assessed in 1975, 1983, and 1985 to 1986. Parent and offspring psychiatric
symptoms were assessed in 1983, 1985 to 1986, and 1991 to 1993.
Results Maladaptive parental behavior substantially mediated a significant association
between parental and offspring psychiatric symptoms. Parents with psychiatric
disorders had higher levels of maladaptive behavior in the household than
did parents without psychiatric disorders. Maladaptive parental behavior,
in turn, was associated with increased offspring risk for psychiatric disorders
during adolescence and early adulthood. Most of the youths that experienced
high levels of maladaptive parental behavior during childhood had psychiatric
disorders during adolescence or early adulthood, whether or not their parents
had psychiatric disorders. In contrast, the offspring of parents with psychiatric
disorders were not at increased risk for psychiatric disorders unless there
was a history of maladaptive parental behavior.
Conclusions Maladaptive parental behavior is associated with increased risk for
the development of psychiatric disorders among the offspring of parents with
and without psychiatric disorders. Maladaptive parental behavior appears to
be an important mediator of the association between parental and offspring
psychiatric symptoms.
From the Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute
(Drs Johnson, Cohen, and Kasen and Ms Smailes); and the Mount Sinai Medical
Center (Dr Brook), New York.
Corresponding author: Jeffrey G. Johnson, PhD, Unit 60, New York
State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: jjohnso{at}pi.cpmc.columbia.edu).
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