 |
|
Hippocampal Volumes in Schizophrenic Twins
Theo G. M. van Erp, MA;
Peter A. Saleh, BS;
Matti Huttunen, MD, PhD;
Jouko Lönnqvist, MD;
Jaakko Kaprio, MD, PhD;
Oili Salonen, MD, PhD;
Leena Valanne, MD;
Veli-Pekka Poutanen, MSc;
Carl-Gustav Standertskjöld-Nordenstam, MD;
Tyrone D. Cannon, PhD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:346-353.
Context The effects of genes and environment on brain abnormalities in schizophrenia remain unclear.
Objective To examine the contributions of genes and environment to hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia.
Design Population-based twin cohort study.
Setting Finland.
Participants Seven monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs concordant for schizophrenia and 16 MZ and 32 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia, ascertained so as to be representative of all such probands in a Finnish birth cohort, along with 28 MZ and 26 DZ healthy comparison twin pairs without a family history of psychosis.
Main Outcome Measures Hippocampal volume measurements taken from high-resolution magnetic resonance images.
Results Hippocampal volumes of probands were smaller than those of their nonschizophrenic MZ and DZ co-twins and healthy twins. Hippocampal volumes of probands' non-ill co-twins were smaller than those of healthy twins, but those of non-ill MZ and DZ co-twins of schizophrenic patients were similar. The intraclass correlations for hippocampal volumes among healthy and discordant MZ pairs were larger than those among the respective DZ pairs. The intraclass correlation for healthy MZ pairs was larger than that for discordant MZ pairs, and the variance component estimate for additive genetic effects was lower in discordant twins than in healthy twins.
Conclusions Although hippocampal volume in healthy individuals is largely affected by genetic factors, it is subject to substantially greater modulation by environmental factors in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. The results are discussed in view of assumptions underlying classic twin methods.
From the Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (Messrs van Erp and Saleh and Dr Cannon); the Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute of Finland, Helsinki (Drs Huttunen, Lönnqvist, and Kaprio); and the Department of Radiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Drs Salonen, Valanne, and Standertskjöld-Nordenstam and Mr Poutanen).
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES
|
Structural Cerebral Variations as Useful Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia: Do They Help Construct "Extended Endophenotypes"?
Prasad and Keshavan
Schizophr Bull 2008;34:774-790.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Neurocognitive Allied Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Hill et al.
Schizophr Bull 2008;34:743-759.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Meta-analysis of Brain Volumes in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia Overemphasizes Hippocampal Deficits
McDonald et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:603-604.
FULL TEXT
Meta-analysis of Brain Volumes in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia Overemphasizes Hippocampal Deficits--Reply
Boos et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:604-605.
FULL TEXT
Brain Structure and Function Changes During the Development of Schizophrenia: The Evidence From Studies of Subjects at Increased Genetic Risk
Lawrie et al.
Schizophr Bull 2008;34:330-340.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Thalamic Shape Abnormalities in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Their Nonpsychotic Siblings
Harms et al.
J. Neurosci. 2007;27:13835-13842.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Specific developmental disruption of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 function results in schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice
Li et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007;104:18280-18285.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Substantial Shared Genetic Influences on Schizophrenia and Event-Related Potentials
Hall et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2007;164:804-812.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thalamus and Adhesio Interthalamica in Twins With Schizophrenia
Ettinger et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:401-409.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Brain Volumes in Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis
Boos et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:297-304.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Regional Brain Morphometry in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Their Unaffected Relatives
McDonald et al.
Am. J. Psychiatry 2006;163:478-487.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
Association of DISC1/TRAX Haplotypes With Schizophrenia, Reduced Prefrontal Gray Matter, and Impaired Short- and Long-term Memory
Cannon et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:1205-1213.
ABSTRACT
| FULL TEXT
|
