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Deliberate Seizure Induction With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Nonhuman Primates
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for specific
psychiatric disorders. There are marked individual differences in seizure
threshold in ECT, mainly attributable to variations in skull anatomy. The
dose of the ECT electrical stimulus and anatomic positioning of transcranial
electrodes determine the efficacy and cognitive side effects.1
However, control over intracerebral current density and its spatial distribution
is inherently limited due to the high skull impedance and shunting of the
electrical stimulus through the scalp.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces an electrical
current in the cortex through exposure to rapidly alternating magnetic fields.
rTMS offers greater control over the site and intensity of stimulation, since
magnetic fields pass through tissue with no impedance. In a small number of
human subjects, seizures were produced inadvertently with rTMS, but intentional
seizure induction in epilepsy patients has not been widely successful, in
part due to concomitant anticonvulsant medications.2, 3
Attempts at rTMS . . . [Full Text of this Article] Corresponding author: Sarah H. Lisanby, MD, Department of Biological
Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, Box 126,
New York, NY 10032-2695.
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