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Torture, Culture, War Zone Exposure, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Criterion As Bracket Creep
H. Stefan Bracha, MD;
Kentaro Hayashi, PhD
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The March 2007 article by Ba o lu et al1 is certainly timely. However, we disagree with their assertion that findings from their study, which was designed specifically for use with European civilians exposed to a civil war, "are highly relevant"1(p284) for "international law" regarding interrogation procedures of terrorist-camp–trained detainees, eg, in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Ba o lu et al study has major methodological and conceptual limitations that severely limit its generalizability. Furthermore, the extremely broad conceptualization of Criterion A events that Ba o lu et al use arguably trivializes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), doing an injustice to those who have experienced genuine torture or combat.
Methodological Issues
The Ba o lu et al study has several methodological limitations, especially with regard to sampling, content validity, and correlation computations.
Sampling. They state that "Once the interview was completed, each survivor was asked to list . . . [Full Text of this Article] Cross-cultural Issues
PTSD Criterion A "Bracket Creep" Issues
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