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Environmental Risk Factors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms—Reply
Manfred Laucht, PhD;
Markus H. Skowronek, PhD;
Katja Becker, MD;
Martin H. Schmidt, MD, PhD;
Günter Esser, PhD;
Thomas G. Schulze, MD;
Marcella Rietschel, MD
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In reply
In their letter, Freitag et al raise several questions as to the interpretation of the results of our study. In response to the concerns expressed, we offer the following comments.
First, as may become evident from the title, the focus of our article was on behavioral symptoms and not on the diagnosis of ADHD, indicating that we are following a dimensional approach to define ADHD. Such an approach describes the different types of ADHD on dimensions of psychopathology, primarily by grading of their severity and phenotypic features.1 Continuous measures of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity have been shown to have high heritability and are strongly correlated with the categorical diagnosis of ADHD.2-3 Evidence from these studies indicates that "genetic methods based on continuously varying traits . . . are . . . [Full Text of this Article]
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Interacting Effects of the Dopamine Transporter Gene and Psychosocial Adversity on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Among 15-Year-Olds From a High-Risk Community Sample
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Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):585-590.
ABSTRACT
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RELATED LETTER
Environmental Risk Factors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
Christine M. Freitag, Jobst Meyer, Andreas Reif, Michael Rösler, K. Peter Lesch, and Wolfgang Retz
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(3):356-357.
EXTRACT
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