You are seeing this message because your Web browser does not support basic Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing and what you can do to make your experience on this site better.


Advertisement

ABOUT ARCHIVES
Advanced Search

Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | RSS | Access Rights | Sign In


  Vol. 65 No. 4, April 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Online Only
 •  Online First Table of
Contents
  Original Article
 •Online Features
 This Article
 •Full text
 •PDF
 •Correction
 • Reply to article
 •Send to a friend
 • Save in My Folder
 •Save to citation manager
 •Permissions
 Citing Articles
 •Citation map
 •Citing articles on HighWire
 •Citing articles on Web of Science (60)
 •Contact me when this article is cited
 Related Content
 •Similar articles in this journal
 Topic Collections
 •Pediatrics
 •Child Abuse
 •Psychiatry
 •Depression
 •Cardiovascular System
 •Violence and Human Rights
 •Violence and Human Rights, Other
 •Cardiovascular Disease/ Myocardial Infarction
 •Alert me on articles by topic
 Social Bookmarking
  Add to CiteULike Add to Connotea Add to Delicious Add to Digg Add to Facebook Add to Reddit Add to Technorati Add to Twitter What's this?

Elevated Inflammation Levels in Depressed Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment

Andrea Danese, MD, MSc; Terrie E. Moffitt, PhD; Carmine M. Pariante, MD, MRCPsych, PhD; Antony Ambler, MSc; Richie Poulton, PhD; Avshalom Caspi, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(4):409-415.

Context  The association between depression and inflammation is inconsistent across research samples.

Objective  To test whether a history of childhood maltreatment could identify a subgroup of depressed individuals with elevated inflammation levels, thus helping to explain previous inconsistencies.

Design  Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting  New Zealand.

Participants  A representative birth cohort of 1000 individuals was followed up to age 32 years as part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Study members were assessed for history of childhood maltreatment and current depression.

Main Outcome Measures  Inflammation was assessed using a clinically relevant categorical measure of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (>3 mg/L) and a dimensional inflammation factor indexing the shared variance of continuous measures of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and white blood cells.

Results  Although depression was associated with high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (relative risk,1.45; 95% confidence interval,1.06-1.99), this association was significantly attenuated and no longer significant when the effect of childhood maltreatment was taken into account. Individuals with current depression and a history of childhood maltreatment were more likely to have high levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with control subjects (n = 27; relative risk, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.47). In contrast, individuals with current depression only had a nonsignificant elevation in risk (n = 109; relative risk, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-2.01). Results were generalizable to the inflammation factor. The elevated inflammation levels in individuals who were both depressed and maltreated were not explained by correlated risk factors such as depression recurrence, low socioeconomic status in childhood or adulthood, poor health, or smoking.

Conclusions  A history of childhood maltreatment contributes to the co-occurrence of depression and inflammation. Information about experiences of childhood maltreatment may help to identify depressed individuals with elevated inflammation levels and, thus, at greater risk of cardiovascular disease.


Author Affiliations: Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (Drs Danese, Moffitt, and Caspi and Mr Ambler) and Department of Psychological Medicine (Dr Pariante), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England; Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Drs Moffitt and Caspi); and Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (Dr Poulton).



Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Delicious Delicious   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Facebook Facebook   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter     What's this?


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES

Early Trauma and Inflammation: Role of Familial Factors in a Study of Twins
Rooks et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2012;74:146-152.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Childhood Physical Abuse and Respiratory Disease in the Community: The Role of Mental Health and Cigarette Smoking
Goodwin and Wamboldt
Nicotine Tob Res 2012;14:91-97.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress
Shonkoff et al.
Pediatrics 2012;129:e232-e246.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology: the influence of childhood maltreatment
Pawlby et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2011;199:106-112.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Emotional Functioning at Age 7 Years is Associated With C-Reactive Protein in Middle Adulthood
Appleton et al.
Psychosom. Med. 2011;73:295-303.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression
Pasco et al.
Br. J. Psychiatry 2010;197:372-377.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Child Maltreatment and Pediatric Health Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study of Low-income Children
Lanier et al.
J Pediatr Psychol 2010;35:511-522.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Elevated C-reactive protein in depression: a predictor of good long-term outcome with antidepressants and poor outcome with psychotherapy
Harley et al.
J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:625-626.
 

Childhood adversities as predictors of incident coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
Korkeila et al.
Heart 2010;96:298-303.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

The Neurobiological Toll of Child Abuse and Neglect
Neigh et al.
Trauma Violence Abuse 2009;10:389-410.
ABSTRACT  

Protective Effect of CRHR1 Gene Variants on the Development of Adult Depression Following Childhood Maltreatment: Replication and Extension
Polanczyk et al.
Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66:978-985.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Neuroscience, Molecular Biology, and the Childhood Roots of Health Disparities: Building a New Framework for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Shonkoff et al.
JAMA 2009;301:2252-2259.
ABSTRACT | FULL TEXT  

Perspectives on Neuroscience and Behavior
Neuroscientist 2008;14:405-406.
 

Emerging Perspectives: Connecting Depression to Inflammatory Genes
JWatch Psychiatry 2008;2008:1-1.
FULL TEXT  





HOME | CURRENT ISSUE | PAST ISSUES | TOPIC COLLECTIONS | PHYSICIAN JOBS | SUBMIT | SUBSCRIBE | HELP
CONDITIONS OF USE | PRIVACY POLICY | CONTACT US | SITE MAP
 
© 2008 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.