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IRA BELMONT, PhD; HERBERT G. BIRCH, MD, PhD; DONALD F. KLEIN, MD; MAX POLLACK, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1964;10(4):395-408.

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Introduction

The division of opinion is most clear in child psychiatry where workers such as Bender^5,6 and Pasamanick and Knobloch²³ have offered evidence supporting the view that organismic factors make major contributions to the development of serious behavioral disturbance. Thus, Bender has stated that physiologic factors are primary in the production of childhood schizophrenia and that, although experiences after birth may be significant, the schizophrenic disorder is "determined before birth and activated by a physiological crisis such as birth".^* Further, she has indicated that the psychological problems which have dominated the clinicians' thinking are "secondary" to a primary neurologic defect.⁵ Pasamanick and Knobloch have offered epidemiologic evidence for the view that reproductive insults of varying kinds are "potent precursors of neuropsychiatric disorder". In contrast, representative of the interpersonal viewpoint are Kanner,¹⁵ Sullivan,²⁸ Bateson, et al,¹ and Boatman and Szurek . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
BRONX, NY; GLEN OAKS, LI, NY

Formerly from the Department of Research, Hillside Hospital, current address: Assistant Research Professor, Department of Pediatrics; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461 (Dr. Belmont); Associate Research Professor (Dr. Birch) Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Senior Research Associate, (Dr. Pollack) and Research Associate (Dr. Klein), Department of Research, Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks.

A joint publication from the Department of Research, Hillside Hospital, supported in part by grants MH02715, MH04798, and MH19299 of the National Institute of Mental Health, United States Public Health Service; and from the Program on Normal and Aberrant Behavioral Development, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein Medical College, supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, No. B03362, the National Association for Retarded Children, and the Association for the Aid of Crippled Children. The patients studied were in-patients at Hillside Hospital.

Bender, L.,6 p 462.

Pasamanick, B., and Knobloch, H.,23 p 74.

Footnotes
Submitted for publication July 22, 1963.

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