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Exploration of Personal Space

MARDI J. HOROWITZ LT, MC; DONALD F. DUFF LT, MC; LOIS O. STRATTON, MA

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1964;11(6):651-656.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Measurements of personal space, the area immediately surrounding an individual, demonstrate its reality and its function as a bodybuffer zone in interpersonal transactions.

The idea of personal space entered behavioral science with ethologic studies of territoriality.^1,2 Subsequently, anthropologists noted that human spatial use was an important variable in studying cultural patterns.³ The psychiatric literature rarely refers to space, yet it is artfully and intuitively used by psychotherapists: closeness and distance, as well as the relative position of the patient and therapist, are modulated in therapy.

Clinical observations, aided by interaction painting⁴ and topographic mapping of individual and group utilization of space, led to the predictions that: (1) there would be a certain reproducible distance which persons impose between themselves and objects or persons, and (2) in certain schizophrenic patients this distance would be relatively increased. To test these . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
USNR; USN

NP Service, US Naval Hospital, (Dr. Horowitz and Dr. Duff), and Langley Porter NP Institute, San Francisco (Miss Stratton).

The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as necessarily reflecting the views of the Medical Department of the Navy or of the Naval Service at large.

Clinical Investigation Center and Neuropsychiatric Service, US Naval Hospital.

Footnotes
Submitted for publication April 30, 1964.

Portions of this paper were read before the meetings of the Western Division, American Psychiatric Association, San Francisco, Sept 27-29, 1963; and the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Society, Feb 10, 1964.

This study was aided by Contract Nonr-222(51) (NR 105 156) between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco.

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