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RICHARD GREEN, MD; ROBERT J. STOLLER, MD; CRAIG MacANDREW, PhD

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1966;15(2):178-182.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

IN RECENT years an increasing interest in and concern about sex transformation procedures have been evidenced.^1-18 While the number of people who have undergone such modifications in their anatomy is small, the moral, legal, and social problems they raise are highly problematic, intensely controversial, and of the broadest significance.

Methods

In our studies of normal and abnormal gender identity we have seen patients who have demanded that their primary and secondary sex characteristics be changed so as to approximate those of the opposite sex. We have noted that a male's demand, for example, for penectomy, testicular castration, construction of an artificial vagina, development of breasts, etc, involves the physician in decisions which are so highly charged in our culture as to make his dealings with such patients very difficult indeed. Having been struck by the intensity of the feelings aroused by such requests, we decided . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
LOS ANGELES

From the Gender Identity Research Clinic, Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles. Dr. Green is now at the Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.

Footnotes
Submitted for publication Dec 29, 1965.

Reprint requests to 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles 90024 (Dr. Stoller).

The sample of psychiatrists constitutes a partial exception to this procedure; in addition to a nationwide sample, an additional group was randomly selected from the membership list of the Southern California Psychiatric Society. The responses of these two groups were found to be appreciably similar and were therefore combined.

Purification consisted of the following: To separate male transvestites clearly from male homosexuals, all questionnaires were deleted from the transvestite group which indicated that the respondent was a practicing genital homosexual. Correspondingly, those questionnaires were deleted from the homosexual groups which indicated that crossgender dressing was practiced. To purify the medical groups, all questionnaires were deleted in which the respondent indicated that he was a practicing homosexual, a transvestite, had frequently wished that he were of the opposite sex, or in which these questions were unanswered.

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