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The Giving Up-Given Up Complex Illustrated on Film
Arthur H. Schmale, Jr., MD;
George L. Engel, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1967;17(2):135-145.
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| Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings. |
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FOR SOME YEARS we have been concerned with the settings in which illness occurs, the transitional phase between health and disease. In earlier studies our attention was first attracted mainly by the apparent significance of separations and object losses on the one hand, and affective responses of "despair," "discouragement," and "depression" on the other.1-3 More careful study of the affects involved led Schmale to define and characterize helplessness and hopelessness as the affective setting in which illness is likely to make its appearance.4 He subsequently studied the frequency with which these two affects were experienced and reported on both sick and well populations, as well as considering them from a developmental perspective.5-9 More recently we have put together a description of the psychological condition that we have observed so commonly to constitute a major setting of illness, and have
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
Rochester, NY
From the departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Footnotes
Submitted for publication March 23, 1967.
Read in part before the American College of Physicians, New York, April 20, 1966; the Royal Society of Medicine, London, Nov 8, 1966; and the Glasgow Psychosomatic Society, Nov 2, 1966.
Reprint requests to Strong Memorial Hospital, 260 Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY 14620 (Dr. Engel).
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