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Limitations of Free Association
Judd Marmor, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1970;22(2):160-165.
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ONE of the most sacred tenets in the psychoanalytic tradition—one to which I subscribed unquestioningly during most of my professional life—is that regardless of what other limitations might exist in the method of psychoanalysis, the technique of free association was without a doubt the best and most dependable avenue that had yet been devised for bringing into consciousness the unconscious sources of the patient's neurotic difficulties. This conviction rested on certain fundamental cornerstones of psychoanalytic thought—the concepts of psychic determinism, repression, and resistance. The basic assumptions involved were that psychic processes are not capricious in nature and are subject to the fundamental laws of cause and effect. Therefore, bypassing the defensive resistances of the patient by having him say everything that went through his mind meant that whatever he was unwittingly repressing would sooner or later come into consciousness like a cork bobbing
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
Los Angeles
From the Department of Psychiatry, University of California Medical Center, Los Angeles and Division of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles.
Footnotes
Submitted for publication July 17, 1969.
Reprint requests to Division of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8720 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles 90048.
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