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Characteristic Themes in Manifest Content

AARON T. BECK, M.D.; CLYDE H. WARD, M.D.

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;5(5):462-467.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

In a serial study by Beck and Hurvich² of the consecutive dreams of patients in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, it was observed that the depressed patients reported a certain class of unpleasant dreams with a notable degree of frequency. A systematic analysis of the data indicated that this class of dreams constituted a significantly higher proportion of the dreams reported by each of the depressed patients than of those reported by a matched group of nondepressed patients. The distinctive characteristic of this class of dreams was that in the manifest content the dreamer was portrayed as being the recipient of a painful experience, such as being disappointed, rejected, or injured.

On the basis of the patients' directed associations to these unpleasant dream elements as well as other clinical material, including their free associations, it was felt that these dream themes were an expression of a persistent . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
PHILADELPHIA

From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, and the Philadelphia General Hospital.

Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Chief of Section, Philadelphia General Hospital (Dr. Beck); Associate in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (Dr. Ward).

Footnotes
Submitted for publication April 20, 1961.

This investigation was supported by Research Grant M3358 from the National Institute of Mental Health.

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