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Zahava Solomon, PhD
School of Social Work Tel Aviv University Research Branch Department of Mental Health Medical Corps Military PO Box 02149 Israel Defense Forces, Israel

Nathaniel Laor, MD
Tel Aviv, Israel David Weiler, MSW Ramat Gan, Israel

Uri F. Muller, MD
Tel Aviv, Israel

Ora Hadar, MSW
Ramat Gan, Israel

Mark Waysman, MSc
Tel Aviv, Israel

Meni Koslowsky, PhD
Ramat Gan, Israel

Mordechai Ben Yakar, MD
Tel Aviv, Israel

Avi Bleich, MD
Israel Defense Forces

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50(4):320-321.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

To the Editor.—

Over a period of 6 weeks at the beginning of 1991, Israeli civilians were subjected to almost nightly bombings. Hundreds of families from the greater Tel Aviv area were evacuated to hotels after their homes were either damaged or destroyed.

There have been very few investigations of civilians during wartime. There are a few pioneering works,^1,2 but these have been mostly either impressionistic or based on very small samples. The delayed and long-term effects of psychic trauma have been documented in various settings, but relatively few studies to date have examined early responses to traumatic stress. This is important because acute stress reactions may differ from later reactions and should be considered a separate and distinct clinical entity,³ and the incidence and composition of acute stress reactions may be highly predictive of future adjustment.^4,5

The current study is a needs assessment conducted on evacuees . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

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