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D. A. SCHWARTZ, M.D.

Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1963;8(4):349-361.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Introduction

The term "paranoid" is used freely by psychiatrists and others, often as though the complex to which it refers were a unitary and universally understood phenomenon. Unfortunately, it has multiple meanings at multiple levels of abstraction. It is, first of all, a term which refers to several psychiatric illnesses, of varying severity. In this sense it is a descriptive term, used for illnesses characterized by self-referential misinterpretation or delusion formation and by a need to search for externally based explanations of certain intrapersonal experiences. "Paranoid" is used to refer to a personality type characterized by social isolation, hypersensitivity, guardedness, suspiciousness, and the preferential use of projection as a means of ego defense. Though not necessarily an illness (it may be a personality type within the range of "normal") this use of the term "paranoid" is also a descriptive one.

However there is a nondescriptive . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
LOS ANGELES

Footnotes
Submitted for publication Sept. 7, 1962.

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