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Syndromes and Themes of Psychotic DepressionA Factor Analysis
ALFRED S. FRIEDMAN, PhD;
BERNARD COWITZ, MD;
HARRY W. COHEN, MD;
SAMUEL GRANICK, PhD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1963;9(5):504-509.
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This study developed from our original interest in exploring the possible existence of separate syndromes or types of depressive illness. We made the assumption that not all depressives are depressed about the same thing, and that they differ in regard to their primary values, psychodynamics, and prevailing dynamic themes. If this were so, it would then be useful to define and isolate types or subtypes of depression, and to consider what meaningful implications this classification would have for questions of prognosis, treatment, and for the understanding of the individual patient.
Although many clinicians have had the impression that there are distinct types of depressives, there has been relatively little progress over the years in systematically refining the vague global concept of the abnormal state of depression.
The classic psychoanalytic theory of depression expounded by Freud and Abrahams is based on consideration of ambivalence, aggressive
. . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]
Author Affiliations
PHILADELPHIA
Philadelphia Psychiatric Center.
Footnotes
Submitted for publication July 17, 1963.
Read at the American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, St. Louis, May, 1963.
This paper is a partial report of the results and investigation entitled "Vigilance, Sedation Threshold, Tofranil and Depression" supported by grant No. MY 3674 from the National Institute of Mental Health.
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